User:Cedh audmanh/CBBCRVI
Contents
Ronc Tyu text
Tao pùn láo káe tyòc xònc ndòu rae traen yu tśi. Wo pìc ki tyòc kàc kwac, kè tao pec nrà nyu tśi pyu traen pyonc. Wo tsyú vei ngglì yu kwac ngóu tśèin kwá fi mó śea trac na troc. Tśi té yo nu gibyonc, gyào to léi naonc ni nihtrìc. Hlá léi to fyec nic hoc tróun káe ya zàe.
Tao mic pùn láo nú tyòc. Wo kù tyòc kàc nonc dźen, bùn tśi té lá lei nu wonc tśi wo nihtrìc.
Tao pùn fwinc ki xiec. Dzó yéi mic pùn myen téc wèi gzòu. Mbí kwéi źùn. Na na ndáo ngóu bra, se se ndáo ngóu kòun, kè lánc pyec fou fou. Tao fwinc rei tráe tenc tśi pec yenc. Ló tśi manc, kè tśi tèin tou yenc bonc línc konc do syu kyá to.
Translation
English
A man stood there and looked at the two paintings on the wall of his room. One of the paintings depicted a woman, but the man could not see her because the room was dark. The hair on the woman's head was hanging down, covering her arms and shoulders. She was wearing dark clothes, which were decorated with many jewels. They had been crafted fifty years ago.
The man looked at the other painting. It showed a young girl, who was decorating a robe with jewels.
The man stood and thought about this. Then he turned and looked out of the window. The sun was shining warmly. Everything stayed the same, nothing moved, but time still kept passing. The man thought that he'd rather not sleep. He felt tired, but he would sleep when the right moment for sleep had come.
Translation of previous text
- (Dánıdoo, by DesEsseintes)
A man stood in a house. He saw two paintings on the wall. Although there was a woman in the far painting, he failed to see her because it was too dark in the room of the house. The hair on the woman's head was hanging down and she was wearing dark (clothes). The hair was covering her arm and her shoulder. The woman wore clothes with many jewels. The jewels had embellished the clothing for fifty winters already. He saw a small woman in the other painting. She decorated the clothing with jewels.
The man considered this. Then he looked to the open space outside of the window. The sun was shining in the garden. Although nothing was changing, time was running. He was unwilling to consider whether he should sleep. He needed to sleep, but he would sleep when the time was right.
Interlinear gloss
- Tao
- man
- pùn
- stand
- láo
- watch
- káe
- two
- tyòc
- painting
- xònc
- on
- ndòu
- walls
- rae
- at_edge_of
- traen
- room
- yu
- of
- tśi.
- 3A.SG
- Wo
- INSTR
- pìc
- one
- ki
- this
- tyòc
- painting
- kàc
- carry
- kwac,
- woman
- kè
- but
- tao
- man
- pec
- NEG
- nrà
- be_able
- nyu
- see
- tśi
- 3A.SG
- pyu
- because
- traen
- room
- pyonc.
- dark
- Wo
- INSTR
- tsyú
- hair
- vei
- from
- ngglì
- head
- yu
- of
- kwac
- woman
- ngóu
- COP
- tśèin
- hang
- kwá
- descend
- fi
- wrap
- mó
- cover
- śea
- hide
- trac
- PL/arm
- na
- and
- troc.
- shoulders
- Tśi
- 3A.SG
- té
- sit
- yo
- wear
- nu
- clothes
- gibyonc,
- ATTR/dark
- gyào
- REL.I
- to
- 3I.COLL
- léi
- PASS/decorate
- naonc
- characterized_by
- ni
- many
- nihtrìc.
- PL/jewel
- Hlá
- PASS/build
- léi
- PASS/decorate
- to
- 3I.COLL
- fyec
- happen
- nic
- at
- hoc
- twice
- tróun
- twenty-four
- káe
- two
- ya
- previous
- zàe.
- year
- Tao
- man
- mic
- turn
- pùn
- stand
- láo
- watch
- nú
- other
- tyòc.
- painting
- Wo
- INSTR
- kù
- that
- tyòc
- painting
- kàc
- carry
- nonc
- girl
- dźen,
- ATTR/young
- bùn
- REL.A
- tśi
- 3A.SG
- té
- sit
- lá
- build
- lei
- decorate
- nu
- clothes
- wonc
- BEN
- tśi
- 3A.SG
- wo
- INSTR
- nihtrìc.
- PL/jewel
- Tao
- man
- pùn
- stand
- fwinc
- consider
- ki
- this
- xiec.
- idea
- Dzó
- same.A
- yéi
- then.PST
- mic
- turn
- pùn
- stand
- myen
- look
- téc
- LOC.DYN
- wèi
- outside
- gzòu.
- window
- Mbí
- sun
- kwéi
- warm
- źùn.
- shine
- Na
- all
- na
- all
- ndáo
- PL/thing
- ngóu
- COP
- bra,
- stay
- se
- none
- se
- none
- ndáo
- PL/thing
- ngóu
- COP
- kòun,
- move_around
- kè
- but
- lánc
- time
- pyec
- continue
- fou
- pass
- fou.
- pass
- Tao
- man
- fwinc
- think
- rei
- QUOT
- tráe
- preferable
- tenc
- SUB
- tśi
- 3A.SG
- pec
- NEG
- yenc.
- sleep.
- Ló
- DAT
- tśi
- 3A.SG
- manc,
- tired
- kè
- but
- tśi
- 3A.SG
- tèin
- then.FUT
- tou
- begin
- yenc
- sleep
- bonc
- CIRC
- línc
- SGV/time
- konc
- ATTR/right
- do
- come.to.3I
- syu
- meet
- kyá
- arrive
- to.
- 3I.COLL
Vocabulary
| word | morphology | type | meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| bonc | cj | under the circumstance that | |
| bra | v.it | stay, remain | |
| bùn | pron | (relative pronoun, animate) | |
| do | v.it | come, approach (towards something inanimate) | |
| dzó | pron | the same one (animate) | |
| fi | v.tr | wrap, cover | |
| fou | v.it | pass, move on, go forward | |
| fwinc | v.tr | think, reflect, consider, assume | |
| fyec | v.it | happen, occur | |
| gyào | pron | (relative pronoun, inanimate) | |
| gzòu | n.i | window | |
| hoc | adv | twice | |
| ihtrìc | pl nihtrìc | n.i | jewel, gemstone |
| kàc | v.tr | bear, carry | |
| káe | qu | two | |
| kè | cj. | but, however (used with clauses) | |
| ki | det | this, these | |
| kòun | v.it | move around, go (nowhere in particular), roam, wander | |
| kù | det | that, those | |
| kwá | v.it | go down, descend | |
| kwac | n.a | woman | |
| kwéi | v.it | be warm, be hot (of weather) | |
| kyá | v.tr | reach, arrive at | |
| lá | pass hlá | v.tr | build, create, manufacture |
| lánc | sgv línc | n.a.coll | time (SGV: moment) |
| láo | v.tr | watch, look at | |
| lei | pass léi | v.tr | decorate |
| ló | pp.v | for, to (dative) | |
| manc | v.it | be tired | |
| mbí | n.a | sun | |
| mic | v.it | turn around | |
| mó | v.tr | cover, protect | |
| myen | v.it | look (intransitive) | |
| na | cj | and (used with non-subject noun phrases) | |
| na | qu | all (of many) | |
| naonc | v.tr | be characterized by | |
| ndòu | n.i.coll | walls (of a house) | |
| ngglì | n.a | head | |
| ngóu | v.tr | be (copula); (when used in SVC: progressive) | |
| ni | qu | many | |
| nic | pp.n | at, on; (also used to form ordinal numbers) | |
| nonc | n.a | girl | |
| nrà | v.it | can, be able | |
| nú | det | the other one | |
| nu | n.i.coll | clothes | |
| nyèn | attr dźen | v.it | be new, be young |
| nyu | v.tr | see | |
| onc | attr konc | v.it | do the right thing, guess correctly, be suitable |
| pec | v.it | be not (negation) | |
| pìc | qu | one | |
| pùn | v.it | stand, be upright | |
| pyec | v.it | keep happening, continue | |
| pyonc | attr gibyonc | v.it | be black, be dark |
| pyu | cj | because | |
| rae | pp.n | at the edge of (but still inside the relevant area) | |
| rei | cj | (quotative complementizer, introduces reported speech) | |
| se | qu | no, none | |
| śea | v.tr | hide, conceal | |
| syu | v.tr | meet | |
| táo | pl ndáo | n.i | thing, item |
| tao | n.a | man | |
| té | v.it | sit | |
| téc | pp.v | near, around (dynamic locative) | |
| tèin | adv | then (in the future) | |
| tenc | cj | (complementizer) | |
| to | pron | (3rd person inanimate collective) | |
| tou | v.tr | start, begin | |
| tráe | v.it | be preferable, would rather (impersonal) | |
| traen | n.i | room (of a house) | |
| troc | n.a.coll | shoulders, upper back | |
| tróun | qu | twenty-four (the language uses a base-12 system) | |
| tśèin | v.it | hang, be suspended | |
| tśi | pron | (3rd person animate singular/singulative) | |
| tsie | pl trac | n.a | arm |
| tsyú | n.i.coll | hair | |
| tyòc | n.a | painting, picture | |
| vei | pp.n | coming from, made of | |
| wèi | pp.n | outside of; without | |
| wo | pp.v | with, by, using (instrumental) | |
| wonc | pp.v | for the benefit of (benefactive) | |
| xiec | n.i | idea, situation, concept, notion, purpose | |
| xònc | pp.n | on, next to, touching | |
| ya | det | previous, preceding | |
| yéi | adv | then (in the past) | |
| yenc | v.it | sleep | |
| yo | v.tr | wear (clothes) | |
| yu | pp.n | of, belonging to, associated with | |
| zàe | n.a | year | |
| źùn | v.it | shine |
Grammar notes
Nouns
- Nouns can be animate or inanimate, countable or collective, and optionally or obligatorily possessed.
- Countable nouns inflect for plural number. Plural forms which occur in this text and are distinct from the singular are given in the wordlist.
- Collective nouns refer to a collection of items by default, and may inflect for singulative number if only one single member of the collection is referenced. Singulative forms which occur in this text are given in the wordlist.
- Obligatorily possessed nouns must be followed immediately by their possessor, without any explicit marking. Optionally possessed nouns form possessive phrases with a preposition.
Verbs
- Verbs inflect for passive voice and for the attributive (a kind of participle, which makes up for the fact that Ronc Tyu does not have a lexical class of adjectives). All passive and attributive forms which occur in this text are given in the wordlist.
- Reduplicating a verb root indicates habitual, iterative, or continuative aspect.
Prepositions
- Ronc Tyu distinguishes between two types of prepositions: Adnominal prepositions (pp.n) refer only to noun phrases (e.g. "the tree on the hill"), whereas adverbial prepositions (pp.v) always refer to the clause (e.g. "I'm standing on the hill"). Adnominal prepositions may be nested within an adverbial prepositional phrase.
Syntax
- The basic word order is SVO. Some sentence types (most notably passivized clauses) follow VSO order instead.
- Phrases are typically head-initial, with modifiers following their heads.
- Ronc Tyu frequently uses serial verb constructions (SVC) consisting of two or more verbs to describe complex actions and situations, with the component verbs typically appearing in the chronological order of subevents. Some common collocations have a slightly idiomatic meaning, but most of the SVC instances in this text should be fairly transparent.
- Some types of SVC can also serve a grammatical purpose. Where relevant, this has been noted in the wordlist.
- Relative clauses always contain an overt pronoun referring to the relativized element within the relative clause (i.e. they follow a pronoun-retention strategy).
- When used as the subject of a transitive verb, inanimate noun phrases must be marked with the instrumental preposition wo.
- Animate subjects may be similarly marked with a preposition; this typically indicates a (relative) lack of volition.
- Quantifiers typically come immediately before their noun. If there's a demonstrative in between, the meaning is usually partitive (e.g. "some of these...").
- Non-numeral quantifiers may be reduplicated for intensity.
