Proto-Uralic/A
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The many and varied cognates of Finno-Volgaic *a. (→ Finnic and Mordvinic *a, Mari *o, Samic *uo)
Sorted by the Ob-Ugric / Samoyed results.
| Lexeme | FV example | Udmurt | Komi | Hungarian | Mansi | Khanty | Samoyedic | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ms. / Kh. *uu, Smy. *å (standard PU *a) | ||||||||
| "fish" | F. kala | - | - | hal | *kuul | *kuuɬ | *kålä | |
| "pot" | F. pata | - | - | fazeek | *puut | *puut | - | |
| "to open" | Mk. panže- | - | - | - | *puunš | *puunč | - | |
| Ms. *uu, Kh. *aa, Smy. *å (standard PU *a as well) | ||||||||
| "to carry" | F. kanta- | - | - | - | *kuunt | *kaant | *kån- | |
| "to steal" | F. sala- | - | - | - | *tuul- | *ɬaaɬ- | *tål- ? | |
| "to leave" | S. *kuoðé- | kɨlʲ- | kolʲ- | hagy- | *kuulʲ- | *kaaj- | *kåjä- | |
| "to stand" | Liv. saiso- | - | sidź- | - | *tuunś | *ɬaanć | - | Irregular: Finnish seiso-, Mordvinic *śta-, *Mari šinće- |
| Ms. *ɨɨ, Kh. *aa, Smy. *ɤ (standard PU *ë) | ||||||||
| "tree stump" | F. kanto | - | gid | *kɨɨnt | *kaant | - | ||
| "mushroom" | Mk. pango | - | - | - | *pɨɨŋk | *paaŋk | - | |
| "pole" | F. salko | dźal | saal | *sɨɨɣlaa | *saaɣəɬ | - | ← PIE *ɟʱalgʱaa | |
| "wet place" | Mk. ńar | ńur | *ńɨɨr | - | *ńɤr | |||
| "gills" | S. *ńuokčɤm | - | ńokćim | *ńɨɨkśəm | *ńaa(ŋ)kśəm | ?? (Nen. ńińśku, Kam. neeni) | ||
| "cartilage" | S. *ńuorkés | ńiir | *ńɨɨrəɣ | *ńaarəɣ | *ńɤr | Hungarian points to ëx | ||
| "hair" | S. *vuoptɤ | - | - | - | *ɨɨt | *aapət | *ɤptə | Mari üp points to ëx |
| "vein" | Mk. san | *sɤn | iin | *tɨɨn | *ɬaan | *čɤn | ëx! Finnish suoni, Mari šün | |
| "arrow" | Mk. nal | ńil | ńɨl | ńiil | *ńɨɨl | *ńaaɬ | *ńɤəj | ëx! Finnish nuoli, Mari nölö ?? |
| "fish skin" | Mk. śav | *śɤm | - | *sɨɨm | *saam | Nen. śaaw ?? | ëx! Finnish suomu, Mari šüm | |
| Ms. *ɨɨ, Kh. *aa, Smy. *ɨ (standard PU *ë also) | ||||||||
| "down" | F. ala- | *ul | *jaal | *ɨɨɬ | Mari ïl | |||
| to be sorted | ||||||||
| "lord" | Mk. azor | uzɨr | ozɨr | - | *aasər | - | - | |
