Onschen
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Ossmalic
| Ossmalic мэ́ӈ оссэма́л | |
|---|---|
| Pronounced: | [ˈmə́ŋ òs.ˈsmál] |
| Spoken: | Ossmal |
| Writing system: | Sealbone Script |
| Genealogy: | Language isolate |
| Typology | |
| Morphological type: | ??? |
| Morphosyntactic alignment: | ergative-absolutive |
| Basic word order: | VSO |
| Credits | |
| Creator: | Malcolm G. Holborne |
28 consonants:
| Labial | Coronal | Palatal | Velar | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| hard | soft | hard | soft | |||
| Nasal | м /m/ | н /n̪/ | нь /n̪ʲ/ | ӈ /ŋ/ | ӈь /ɲ~ŋʲ/ | |
| Stop | п /p/ | т /t̪/ | ть /t̪ʲ/ | к /k/ | кь /c~kʲ/ | |
| Fricative | в /ʋ/ | с /s/ | сь /sʲ/ | і /j/ | х /x/ | хь /ç~xʲ/ |
| Approximant | л /l/ | ль /lʲ/ | ||||
| Type | Front | Back |
|---|---|---|
| Close | и /i/ | у /u/ |
| Mid | е /e/ | о /o/ |
| Open | а /a/ | |
| Short | Long | ||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Origin | æ | e | ø | i | y | ɑ | ɤ | o | ɯ | u | æː | eː | øː | iː | yː | ɑː | ɤː | oː | ɯː | uː | |
| Result | ʲa | ʲe | ʲo | ʲĭ | ʲŭ | a | e | o | ĭ | ŭ | ʲa | ʲe | ʲo | ʲi | ʲu | a | e | o | i | u | |
Tone is not explicitly marked in writing but inferred based on historical voicing distinctions and consonant clusters:
| Consonant | High | Mid | Low |
|---|---|---|---|
| Stop | па /pá/ | — | ба /pà/ |
| та /t̪á/ | — | да /t̪à/ | |
| тьа /t̪ʲá/ | — | дьа /t̪ʲà/ | |
| ка /ká/ | — | га /kà/ | |
| кьа /kʲá/ | — | гьа /kʲà/ | |
| Fricative | са /sá/ | — | за /sà/ |
| сьа /sʲá/ | — | зьа /sʲà/ | |
| ха /xá/ | — | ра /xà/ | |
| хьа /xʲá/ | — | рьа /xʲà/ | |
| Sonorant | — | ма /mā/ | — |
| — | на /n̪ā/ | — | |
| — | ньа /n̪ʲā/ | — | |
| — | ӈа /ŋā/ | — | |
| — | ӈьа /ŋʲā/ | — | |
| — | ла /lā/ | — | |
| — | льа /lʲā/ | — | |
| Semivowel | — | ва /ʋā/ | — |
| — | іа /jā/ | — |
Tone possibly indicated on vowels instead:
- а́ е́ и́ э́ о́ у́
- а̀ ѐ ѝ э̀ о̀ у̀
Animate:
- хазьа "horse" [sg], хазьаӈ "horses" [pl]
- меззга "bear" [sg], меззгаӈ "bears" [pl]
Inanimate:
- смал "mountain" [sg], смалек "mountains" [pl]
- коб "knife" [sg], кобек "knives" [pl]
Adjective prefixes
Colours
- маг- "black, dark"
- ос- "white, light"
- тьил- "immoral, wicked, evil"
