User:Bukkia/sandboxVIII

Personal pronouns

Personal pronouns feature a distinction between three persons:

1st person	ŋọ
2st person	sȧ
3st person	ɬė

Unlike any other elements of the sentence, the personal pronouns compulsorily distinguish the number singular from the plural, by placing the plural particle ʔẹ after them:

	1st sing.	2nd sing.	3rd sing.	1st plur.	2nd plur.	3rd plur.
1st person	üd́ə
2st person	çə	nä	jäs	çunə	nänə	jäsnə
3st person	çərä	närä	järä	çunərä	nänərä	jäsnərä

singolare plurale 1° persona ŋọ ŋọ ʔẹ 2° persona sȧ sȧ ʔẹ 3° persona ɬė ɬė ʔẹ

Il pronome personale di terza persona viene solitamente usato per referenti semanticamente animati o umani, pur potendo marcare genericamente qualunque referente di terza persona. Per indicare referenti inanimati o non reali si preferisce utilizzare gli aggettivi o i pronomi dimostrativi. Tutte le forme, accompagnate dalla posposizione sėj, esprimono la funzione di aggettivo possessivo indeclinabile, preponendosi ad un sostantivo, o di pronome possessivo indeclinabile, accompagnandosi ad una forma pronominale dimostrativa. ŋọ sėj ta sȧ ʔẹ sėj ma su̇h xȯ mio padre ha visto vostra madre

ŋọ sėj ta sȧ ʔẹ sėj tjı̣n su̇h xȯ mio padre ha visto il vostro

Personal pronouns feature a distinction between three forms. The first form is used as the subject of the clauses, for every kind of verbs. The second form is used as the direct object of the clause, for transitive verbs, and with every preposition requiring the direct case. The third form is used as the indirect object of the clause, for ditransitive verbs.

Moreover, the first two persons (1^st and 2^nd) have two different roots, exhibiting thus a mixed declension. On the other hand, the 3^rdperson has only one root, displaying, however, a similar irregular declension.

	1st sing.	2nd sing.	3rd sing.	1st plur.	2nd plur.	3rd plur.
subject	üd́ə	ird́ə	jäsrə	üd́unə	ird́unə	jäsrunə
direct object	çə	nä	jäs	çunə	nänə	jäsnə
indirect object	çərä	närä	järä	çunərä	nänərä	jäsnərä

When used alone, the forms for the direct and indirect object tend to be placed before the conjugated verb in the sentence. Their positioning after the verb is regarded as a marked position.

Examples:

üd́ə jäs rurīsü wī
I didn't see him

üd́ə rurīsü wī jäs
As for him, I didn't see him

Anyway, these pronouns are placed after the negative adverb.