User:Bukkia/sandboxVIII

Conjugation of regular verbs

Sample verb: morɔr, to see.

Active diathesis

Indicative mood

Present tense

The present is a simple tense. The thematic vowel -o- and the personal endings are added to the verbal roots:

1^st sing.	morõ
2^nd sing.	moroh
3^rd sing.	moro
1^st plur.	moroxi
2^nd plur.	morodi
3^rd plur.	moroβi

Some verbs display an alteration of the unstressed vowel in the verbal root, usually changing an [o] into an [a]. As an example, the conjugation of the present tense of the verb soβɔr, to know, is shown.

	soβɔr
1^st sing.	saβõ
2^nd sing.	saβoh
3^rd sing.	saβo
1^st plur.	saβoxi
2^nd plur.	saβodi
3^rd plur.	saβoβi

There are, however, a certain amount of irregular verbs in the present tense. These verbs usually add a different thematic vowel from -o-. As an example, the conjugation of the present tense of the verb for, to wash, is shown.

	for
1^st sing.	fỹ
2^nd sing.	fyh
3^rd sing.	fy
1^st plur.	fyxi
2^nd plur.	fydi
3^rd plur.	fyβi

Past tense

The pasat is a simple tense. The thematic vowel -u- and the personal endings are added to the verbal roots:

1^st sing.	morũ
2^nd sing.	moruh
3^rd sing.	mor
1^st plur.	moruxi
2^nd plur.	morudi
3^rd plur.	moruβi

The 3^rd singular person features the null ending, namely the absence of the thematic vowel itself. Thus, irregularities may often occur, like dropping or altering the last root consonant, or nasalizing the remaining vowel.

As an example, the conjugation of the present tense of the verbs imɔr, to be, and zbonɔr, to flee', is shown.

	imɔr	zbonɔr
1^st sing.	imũ	zbonũ
2^nd sing.	imuh	zbonuh
3^rd sing.	ĩ	zbõ
1^st plur.	imuxi	zbonuxi
2^nd plur.	imudi	zbonudi
3^rd plur.	imuβi	zbonuβi

There are, however, a certain amount of irregular verbs in the present tense. These verbs usually add a different thematic vowel from -u-. As an example, the conjugation of the present tense of the verb for, to wash, is shown.

	for
1^st sing.	fõ
2^nd sing.	foh
3^rd sing.	fo
1^st plur.	foxi
2^nd plur.	fodi
3^rd plur.	foβi

Future tense

The future is a simple tense. The future infix -ɔbo- and the personal endings are added to the verbal roots:

1^st sing.	morɔbõ
2^nd sing.	morɔboh
3^rd sing.	morɔbo
1^st plur.	morɔboxi
2^nd plur.	morɔbodi
3^rd plur.	morɔboβi

Some verbs display an alteration of the unstressed vowel in the verbal root, usually changing an [o] into an [a]. As an example, the conjugation of the present tense of the verb soβɔr, to know, is shown.

	soβɔr
1^st sing.	saβɔbõ
2^nd sing.	saβɔboh
3^rd sing.	saβɔbo
1^st plur.	saβɔboxi
2^nd plur.	saβɔbodi
3^rd plur.	saβɔboβi

There are, however, a certain amount of irregular verbs in the present tense. These verbs usually add a slightly different version of the infix. As an example, the conjugation of the present tense of the verb for, to wash, is shown.

	for
1^st sing.	fybõ
2^nd sing.	fyboh
3^rd sing.	fybo
1^st plur.	fyboxi
2^nd plur.	fybodi
3^rd plur.	fyboβi

Present continuous tense

The present continuous is a compound tense. It is built with the active past participle of the conjugated verb, declined in number according to the clause subject, and the indicative present forms of the verb imɔr, to be. The participle is always in the accusative case (/meant as its base form):

1^st sing.	more imõ
2^nd sing.	more imoh
3^rd sing.	more imo
1^st plur.	mori imoxi
2^nd plur.	mori imodi
3^rd plur.	mori imoβi

This tense is regarded as essentially regular, being the only irregularities in the participial formation.

Past continuous tense

The past continuous is a compound tense. It is built with the active past participle of the conjugated verb, declined in number according to the clause subject, and the indicative past forms of the verb imɔr, to be. The participle is always in the accusative case (/meant as its base form):

1^st sing.	more imũ
2^nd sing.	more imuh
3^rd sing.	more ĩ
1^st plur.	mori imuxi
2^nd plur.	mori imudi
3^rd plur.	mori imuβi

This tense is regarded as essentially regular, being the only irregularities in the participial formation.

Imperfect tense

The imperfect is a simple tense. The thematic vowel -o- and the personal endings are added to the verbal roots:

1^st sing.	mārom
2^nd sing.	mārot
3^rd sing.	māro
1^st plur.	māromī
2^nd plur.	mārotī
3^rd plur.	mārovī
pass.	mārokī

Past tense

The past is a simple tense. The thematic vowel -u- and the personal endings are added to the verbal roots:

1^st sing.	mārum
2^nd sing.	mārut
3^rd sing.	māru
1^st plur.	mārumī
2^nd plur.	mārutī
3^rd plur.	māruvī
pass.	mārukī

Pluperfect tense

The pluperfect is a simple tense. The thematic vowel -a- and the personal endings are added to the verbal roots:

1^st sing.	māram
2^nd sing.	mārat
3^rd sing.	māra
1^st plur.	māramī
2^nd plur.	māratī
3^rd plur.	māravī
pass.	mārakī

Future tense

The future is a compound tense. It is built with the dependent present infinitive of the conjugated verb, and the indicative present forms of the verb patore, to go, :

1^st sing.	mārævore patūm
2^nd sing.	mārævore patūt
3^rd sing.	mārævore patū
1^st plur.	mārævore patūmī
2^nd plur.	mārævore patūtī
3^rd plur.	mārævore patūvī
pass.	mārævore patūkī

Anterior future tense

The anterior future is a compound tense. It is built with the dependent past infinitive of the conjugated verb, and the indicative present forms of the verb patore, to go, :

1^st sing.	mārævure patūm
2^nd sing.	mārævure patūt
3^rd sing.	mārævure patū
1^st plur.	mārævure patūmī
2^nd plur.	mārævure patūtī
3^rd plur.	mārævure patūvī
pass.	mārævure patūkī

Future in the past tense

The future in the past is a compound tense. It is built with the dependent present infinitive of the conjugated verb, and the indicative past forms of the verb patore, to go, :

1^st sing.	mārævore patum
2^nd sing.	mārævore patut
3^rd sing.	mārævore patu
1^st plur.	mārævore patumī
2^nd plur.	mārævore patutī
3^rd plur.	mārævore patuvī
pass.	mārævore patukī

Dependent mood

The dependent mood is mostly used in dependent clauses. Its usage in main clauses is limited, usually when a verbal form is introduced by another verb.

In simple tenses, the dependent widely features the infix -æv-, which is placed between the root and the thematic vowels.

Present tense

The present is a simple tense. The infix -æv-, the thematic vowel -ū- and the personal endings are added to the verbal roots:

1^st sing.	mārævūm
2^nd sing.	mārævūt
3^rd sing.	mārævū
1^st plur.	mārævūmī
2^nd plur.	mārævūtī
3^rd plur.	mārævūvī
pass.	mārævūkī

Imperfect tense

The imperfect is a simple tense. The infix -æv-, the thematic vowel -o- and the personal endings are added to the verbal roots:

1^st sing.	mārævom
2^nd sing.	mārævot
3^rd sing.	mārævo
1^st plur.	mārævomī
2^nd plur.	mārævotī
3^rd plur.	mārævovī
pass.	mārævokī

Past tense

The past is a simple tense. The infix -æv-, the thematic vowel -u- and the personal endings are added to the verbal roots:

1^st sing.	mārævum
2^nd sing.	mārævut
3^rd sing.	mārævu
1^st plur.	mārævumī
2^nd plur.	mārævutī
3^rd plur.	mārævuvī
pass.	mārævukī

Pluperfect tense

The pluperfect is a simple tense. The infix -æv-, the thematic vowel -a- and the personal endings are added to the verbal roots:

1^st sing.	mārævam
2^nd sing.	mārævat
3^rd sing.	māræva
1^st plur.	mārævamī
2^nd plur.	mārævatī
3^rd plur.	mārævavī
pass.	mārævakī

Future tense

The future is a compound tense. It is built with the dependent present infinitive of the conjugated verb, and the dependent present forms of the verb patore, to go, :

1^st sing.	mārævore patævūm
2^nd sing.	mārævore patævūt
3^rd sing.	mārævore patævū
1^st plur.	mārævore patævūmī
2^nd plur.	mārævore patævūtī
3^rd plur.	mārævore patævūvī
pass.	mārævore patævūkī

Anterior future tense

The anterior future is a compound tense. It is built with the dependent past infinitive of the conjugated verb, and the dependent present forms of the verb patore, to go, :

1^st sing.	mārævure patævūm
2^nd sing.	mārævure patævūt
3^rd sing.	mārævure patævū
1^st plur.	mārævure patævūmī
2^nd plur.	mārævure patævūtī
3^rd plur.	mārævure patævūvī
pass.	mārævure patævūkī

Future in the past tense

The future in the past is a compound tense. It is built with the dependent present infinitive of the conjugated verb, and the dependent past forms of the verb patore, to go, :

1^st sing.	mārævore patævum
2^nd sing.	mārævore patævut
3^rd sing.	mārævore patævu
1^st plur.	mārævore patævumī
2^nd plur.	mārævore patævutī
3^rd plur.	mārævore patævuvī
pass.	mārævore patævukī

Imperative mood

The imperative mood is used to convey commands and orders. It is mostly used in main clauses.

It displays only one tense, with specific personal endings. It has no forms either for the 1^st singular person, or for the 3^rd singular and plural person.

Present tense

The present is a simple tense. The thematic vowel -ū- and the imperative personal endings are added to the verbal roots:

1^st sing.	-
2^nd sing.	mārūto
3^rd sing.	-
1^st plur.	mārūmīto
2^nd plur.	mārūtīto
3^rd plur.	-
pass.	-

Non-finite forms

The non-finite verbal forms are:

Infinitive

The infinitive is regarded as the citation form of the verb, and it is not conjugated in person or number. It is marked by the ending -re.

It displays three tenses, present, past, and perfect, formed through the thematic vowels. Each form has a dependent counterpart, formed through the dependent suffix -æv-:

	present	past	perfect
indicative	mārore	mārure	mārare
dependent	mārævore	mārævure	mārævare

The infinitive is a nominal form of a verb. It is used as a verbal noun in sentences, and it can be declined. It is regarded as a class II noun, whose nominative form is identical to the accusative.

Active participle

The active participle displays three tenses: present, past, and perfect. They are formed through the thematic vowels and the participial suffix -θī. Each form has a dependent counterpart, formed through the dependent suffix -æv-:

	present	past	perfect
indicative	māroθīx	māruθīx	māraθīx
dependent	mārævoθīx	mārævuθīx	mārævaθīx

The agentive participle is an adjectival form of a verb. It is linked to nouns which actively perform an action.

As an adjectival form, it displays a complete declension, to agree with the class of the referred noun.

Passive participle

The passive participle displays three tenses: present, past, and perfect. They are formed through the thematic vowels and the participial suffix -ňi. Each form has a dependent counterpart, formed through the dependent suffix -æv-:

	present	past	perfect
indicative	māroňix	māruňix	māraňix
dependent	mārævoňix	mārævuňix	mārævaňix

The passive participle is an adjectival form of a verb. It is linked to nouns which undergo an action, or inactively are in a certain state.

This participle cannot play the role of a verbal passive form. It can only be used as an adjective and it can be used to build relative clauses.

ǧeneho māruňix sārex
the woman seen by the man

As an adjectival form, it displays a complete declension, to agree with the class of the referred noun.

User:Bukkia/sandboxVIII

Contents

Conjugation of regular verbs

Active diathesis

Indicative mood

Present tense

Past tense

Future tense

Present continuous tense

Past continuous tense

Imperfect tense

Past tense

Pluperfect tense

Future tense

Anterior future tense

Future in the past tense

Dependent mood

Present tense

Imperfect tense

Past tense

Pluperfect tense

Future tense

Anterior future tense

Future in the past tense

Imperative mood

Present tense

Non-finite forms

Infinitive

Active participle

Passive participle

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