User:Bukkia/sandboxVIII

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Conjugation of regular verbs

Sample verbs: märose, to see (1^st conjugation), pöħuse, to establish (2^nd conjugation), giɕëse, to pretend (3^rd conjugation), hëhɑse, to happen, to occur (4^th conjugation), pɑse, to shine (5^th conjugation).

Each conjugation features a typical identifying thematic vowel, which, however, do not recur in the different tenses:

1^st conjugation:	-o-
2^nd conjugation:	-u-
3^rd conjugation:	-ë-
4^th conjugation:	-ɑ-
5^th conjugation:	-

The fifth conjugation is regarded as inherently irregular and features no typical thematic vowel. All verbs belonging to this conjugation are irregularly conjugated. The following example for this conjugation is only for illustrative purpose and cannot be taken as a proper conjugation template.

Indicative mood

Present tense

The present tense features the following tense vocalic suffixes:

	1^st conjug.	2^nd conjug.	3^rd conjug.	4^th conjug.	5^th conjug.
	-ü-	-ü-	-y-	-y-	(various)

The personal endings are added to the vocalic tense suffixes:

	1^st conjug.	2^nd conjug.	3^rd conjug.	4^th conjug.	5^th conjug.
1^st sing.	märüm	pöħüm	giɕym	hëhym	pöm
2^nd sing.	märüd	pöħüd	giɕyd	hëhyd	pöd
3^rd sing.	märüg	pöħüg	giɕyg	hëhyg	pög
1^st plur.	märümy	pöħümy	giɕymy	hëhymy	pömy
2^nd plur.	märüdy	pöħüdy	giɕydy	hëhydy	pödy
3^rd plur.	märügy	pöħügy	giɕygy	hëhygy	pögy

Imperfect tense

The imperfect tense features the following tense vocalic suffixes:

	1^st conjug.	2^nd conjug.	3^rd conjug.	4^th conjug.	5^th conjug.
	-o-	-o-	-ë-	-ɑ-	(various)

The personal endings are added to the vocalic tense suffixes:

	1^st conjug.	2^nd conjug.	3^rd conjug.	4^th conjug.	5^th conjug.
1^st sing.	märom	pöħom	giɕëm	hëhɑm	pɑm
2^nd sing.	märod	pöħod	giɕëd	hëhɑd	pɑd
3^rd sing.	märog	pöħog	giɕëg	hëhɑg	pɑg
1^st plur.	märomy	pöħomy	giɕëmy	hëhɑmy	pɑmy
2^nd plur.	märody	pöħody	giɕëdy	hëhɑdy	pɑdy
3^rd plur.	märogy	pöħogy	giɕëgy	hëhɑgy	pɑgy

Past tense

The past tense features the following tense vocalic suffixes:

	1^st conjug.	2^nd conjug.	3^rd conjug.	4^th conjug.	5^th conjug.
	-ɑ-	-ë-	-ä-	-ü-	(various)

The personal endings are added to the vocalic tense suffixes:

	1^st conjug.	2^nd conjug.	3^rd conjug.	4^th conjug.	5^th conjug.
1^st sing.	märɑm	pöħëm	giɕäm	hëhüm	pam
2^nd sing.	märɑd	pöħëd	giɕäd	hëhüd	pad
3^rd sing.	märɑg	pöħëg	giɕäg	hëhüg	pag
1^st plur.	märɑmy	pöħëmy	giɕämy	hëhümy	pamy
2^nd plur.	märɑdy	pöħëdy	giɕädy	hëhüdy	pady
3^rd plur.	märɑgy	pöħëgy	giɕägy	hëhügy	pagy

Pluperfect tense

The pluperfect tense features the following tense vocalic suffixes:

	1^st conjug.	2^nd conjug.	3^rd conjug.	4^th conjug.	5^th conjug.
	-ë-	-y-	-ö-	-ë-	(various)

The personal endings are added to the vocalic tense suffixes:

	1^st conjug.	2^nd conjug.	3^rd conjug.	4^th conjug.	5^th conjug.
1^st sing.	märëm	pöħym	giɕöm	hëhëm	pom
2^nd sing.	märëd	pöħyd	giɕöd	hëhëd	pod
3^rd sing.	märëg	pöħyg	giɕög	hëhëg	pog
1^st plur.	märëmy	pöħymy	giɕömy	hëhëmy	pomy
2^nd plur.	märëdy	pöħydy	giɕödy	hëhëdy	pody
3^rd plur.	märëgy	pöħygy	giɕögy	hëhëgy	pogy

Future tense

The future tense features the following tense vocalic suffixes:

	1^st conjug.	2^nd conjug.	3^rd conjug.	4^th conjug.	5^th conjug.
	-u-	-u-	-u-	-u-	(various)

The personal endings are added to the vocalic tense suffixes:

	1^st conjug.	2^nd conjug.	3^rd conjug.	4^th conjug.	5^th conjug.
1^st sing.	märum	pöħum	giɕum	hëhum	pum
2^nd sing.	märud	pöħud	giɕud	hëhud	pud
3^rd sing.	märug	pöħug	giɕug	hëhug	pug
1^st plur.	märumy	pöħumy	giɕumy	hëhumy	pumy
2^nd plur.	märudy	pöħudy	giɕudy	hëhudy	pudy
3^rd plur.	märugy	pöħugy	giɕugy	hëhugy	pugy

Anterior future tense

The anterior future tense features the following tense vocalic suffixes (being these the same as the suffixes of the pluperfect tense with an additional -w-):

	1^st conjug.	2^nd conjug.	3^rd conjug.	4^th conjug.	5^th conjug.
	-ëw-	-yw-	-öw-	-ëw-	-(various)w-

The personal endings are added to the vocalic tense suffixes:

	1^st conjug.	2^nd conjug.	3^rd conjug.	4^th conjug.	5^th conjug.
1^st sing.	märëwm	pöħywm	giɕöwm	hëhëwm	powm
2^nd sing.	märëwd	pöħywd	giɕöwd	hëhëwd	powd
3^rd sing.	märëwg	pöħywg	giɕöwg	hëhëwg	powg
1^st plur.	märëwmy	pöħywmy	giɕöwmy	hëhëwmy	powmy
2^nd plur.	märëwdy	pöħywdy	giɕöwdy	hëhëwdy	powdy
3^rd plur.	märëwgy	pöħywgy	giɕöwgy	hëhëwgy	powgy

Future in the past tense

The future in the past tense features the following tense vocalic suffixes (being these the same as the suffixes of the past tense with an additional -w-):

	1^st conjug.	2^nd conjug.	3^rd conjug.	4^th conjug.	5^th conjug.
	-ɑw-	-ëw-	-äw-	-üw-	-(various)w-

The personal endings are added to the vocalic tense suffixes:

	1^st conjug.	2^nd conjug.	3^rd conjug.	4^th conjug.	5^th conjug.
1^st sing.	märɑwm	pöħëwm	giɕäwm	hëhüwm	pawm
2^nd sing.	märɑwd	pöħëwd	giɕäwd	hëhüwd	pawd
3^rd sing.	märɑwg	pöħëwg	giɕäwg	hëhüwg	pawg
1^st plur.	märɑwmy	pöħëwmy	giɕäwmy	hëhüwmy	pawmy
2^nd plur.	märɑwdy	pöħëwdy	giɕäwdy	hëhüwdy	pawdy
3^rd plur.	märɑwgy	pöħëwgy	giɕäwgy	hëhüwgy	pawgy

Non-finite forms

The non-finite verbal forms are:

Infinitive

The infinitive features the following vocalic suffixes:

	1^st conjug.	2^nd conjug.	3^rd conjug.	4^th conjug.	5^th conjug.
	-o-	-ü-	-ë-	-ɑ-	(various)

The infinitival ending is added to the vocalic tense suffixes:

	1^st conjug.	2^nd conjug.	3^rd conjug.	4^th conjug.	5^th conjug.
	märose	pöħuse	giɕëse	hëhɑse	pɑse

The infinitive is a nominal form of a verb. It is used as a verbal noun in sentences, and it can be declined. It is regarded as a class II noun.

Active participle

The active participle displays four tenses: present, imperfect, past, and future. They are built by adding the participial suffix -ty to the typical vocalic suffix of each tense:

	indicative	subjuncitve	conditional
imp. pres.	lī́lopī́to	lī́lopiñī́to	lī́lopɑtsī́to
imp. past	ʔalī́lopī́to	ʔalī́lopiñī́to	ʔalī́lopɑtsī́to
imp. pres.	lolī́pī́to	lolī́piñī́to	lolī́pɑtsī́to
imp. past	ʔalolī́pī́to	ʔalolī́piñī́to	ʔalolī́pɑtsī́to

The agentive participle is an adjectival form of a verb. It is used as a verbal adjective in sentences, and it can be declined. It is linked to nouns which actively perform an action.

It is usually used to build relative clauses, in which the subject is the linked noun, and the direct object is declined in the ablative case:

ʔṓnašu ʔalolī́pɑtsī́toli wī́roli
the man which might have seen the woman

As an adjectival form, it displays a complete declension, to agree with the class of the referred noun.

Passive participle

	indicative	subjuncitve	conditional
imp. pres.	lī́lopuki	lī́lopiñuki	lī́lopɑtsuki
imp. past	ʔalī́lopuki	ʔalī́lopiñuki	ʔalī́lopɑtsuki
imp. pres.	lolī́puki	lolī́piñuki	lolī́pɑtsuki
imp. past	ʔalolī́puki	ʔalolī́piñuki	ʔalolī́pɑtsuki

The passive participle is an adjectival form of a verb. It is used as a verbal adjective in sentences, and it can be declined. It is linked to nouns which undergo an action, or inactively are in a certain state.

Despite the lack of a verbal passive form, this participle is the closest form to such role. It can, however, be used only as an adjective and it is often used to build relative clauses, in which the object is the linked noun, and the subject is declined in the agentive case. In the earlier period it is not used in this role.

wī́roli ʔalolī́puki ʔṓna
the woman seen by the man

As an adjectival form, it displays a complete declension, to agree with the class of the referred noun.

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