User:Bukkia/sandboxVIII

Verbs

The verbal system of Hoð‘i language displays the following features:

• tense:
  • simple tenses: present, past, perfect
  • compound tenses: continuous present, continuous past, pluperfect, future, continuous future, anterior future, future in the past
• mood:
  • definite moods: indicative, imperative
  • indefinite moods: infinitive, active participle, passive participleù
• diathesis: active, passive

The simple tenses are distinguished by a typical vowel, while compound tenses are formed with the verb imew, to be, as an auxiliary verb, and a participial form.

The citation form of verbs is the present infinitive, marked by the ending -ew. From such form the verbal root can be inferred and can be changed in every other verbal form.

The following personal endings are then added to the root in the definite moods. In this way, verbs show their agreement with the clause subject in person and number:

1st sing.	indicative	imperative
1st sing.	-n
2nd sing.	-	-to
3rd sing.
1st plur.	-m‘i	-m‘ito
2nd plur.	-v‘i	-v‘i
3rd plur.

The first singular person is significantly identified by the nasalisation of the previous vowel, while it is absent in the imperative mood. The third singular person has no proper ending and it is identified by the typical vowel of the tense of by its absence, namely by a null ending.

The non-finite verbal forms are meant as nominal/adjectival forms of the same verbs. They do not add the personal endings, but they are declined as nouns or adjectives with the nominal declension endings.

As verbal forms, however, they can be built on the various temporal forms.

The non-finite endings are:

• infinitive: -r
• active participle: -ex/-ux
• passive participle: -nix