User:Bukkia/sandboxVIII

Conjugation of verbs

Sample verbs (two samples with a triliteral root, and two samples with a biliteral root):

• Conjugation I: termel, to sell - šekel, to give
• Conjugation II: ŕokmel, to lead - korel, to judge

Declarative valency

Active diathesis

Indicative mood

Imperfective present

In the imperfective present, verbs are conjugated according to the following patterns:

	conjugation I		conjugation II
	triliteral root	biliteral root	triliteral root	biliteral root
1st sing.	joCCe̥Cu	joCe̥Cu	joCCo̥Cu	joCo̥Cu
2nd sing.	jaCCe̥Cu	jaCe̥Cu	jäCCo̥Cu	jäCo̥Cu
3rd sing.	jaCCe̥Ce	jaCe̥Ce	jäCCo̥Co	jäCo̥Co
1st plur.	CCe̥Cem	Ce̥Cem	CCo̥Com	Co̥Com
2nd plur.	CCe̥Ceš	Ce̥Ceš	CCo̥Coš	Co̥Coš
3rd plur.	CCe̥Cet	Ce̥Cet	CCo̥Cot	Co̥Cot

Examples:

	termel	šekel	ŕokmel	korel
1st sing.	jotre̥mu	joše̥ku	joŕko̥mu	joko̥ru
2nd sing.	jatre̥mu	jaše̥ku	jäŕko̥mu	jäko̥ru
3rd sing.	jatre̥me	jaše̥ke	jäŕko̥mo	jäko̥ro
1st plur.	tre̥mem	še̥kem	ŕko̥mom	ko̥rom
2nd plur.	tre̥meš	še̥keš	ŕko̥moš	ko̥roš
3rd plur.	tre̥met	še̥ket	ŕko̥mot	ko̥rot

In the conjugation of triliteral roots, an euphonic vowel -ë- can be inserted in the three plural persons, if an unallowed initial consonant cluster appears.

	conjugation I	conjugation II
	triliteral root	triliteral root
1st sing.	joCCe̥Cu	joCCo̥Cu
2nd sing.	jaCCe̥Cu	jäCCo̥Cu
3rd sing.	jaCCe̥Ce	jäCCo̥Co
1st plur.	CëCe̥Cem	CëCo̥Com
2nd plur.	CëCe̥Ceš	CëCo̥Coš
3rd plur.	CëCe̥Cet	CëCo̥Cot

With the sample verbs fekçel, to count, and fosrel, to hear:

	fekçel	fosrel
1st sing.	jofke̥çu	jofso̥ru
2nd sing.	jafke̥çu	jäfso̥ru
3rd sing.	jafke̥çe	jäfso̥ro
1st plur.	fëke̥çem	fëso̥rom
2nd plur.	fëke̥çeš	fëso̥roš
3rd plur.	fëke̥çet	fëso̥rot

When a verb is derived from another verbal form through a derivative infix, this infix does not change in conjugation and stays next to the primary vowel inside the conjugation patterns.

With the sample verbs kyse̥nsel, to fall asleep, , še̥jakel, to give as a present, lo̥xaqŕel, to exploit, and fosrel, to expel, to exile:

	kyse̥nsel	šejakel	loxaqŕel	śojuʔel
1st sing.	joknyse̥mu	joše̥jaku	jolqo̥xamu	jośo̥juʔu
2nd sing.	jaknyse̥mu	jaše̥jaku	jälqo̥xamu	jäśo̥juʔu
3rd sing.	jaknyse̥me	jaše̥jake	jälqo̥xamo	jäśo̥juʔo
1st plur.	knyse̥mem	še̥jakem	lqo̥xamom	śo̥juʔom
2nd plur.	knyse̥meš	še̥jakeš	lqo̥xamoš	śo̥juʔoš
3rd plur.	knyse̥met	še̥jaket	lqo̥xamot	śo̥juʔot

When a verb is derived from another verbal form through a derivative prefix, this prefix does not change in conjugation and stays before the first root consonant. Other prefixes of the conjugation patterns are placed before the derivative prefixes.

With the sample verbs sqäțe̥xsel, to safeguard, and nöʔcico̥rel, to sacrifice:

fekçel fosrel 1° sing. josqäțxe̥su jonöʔcico̥ru 2° sing. jasqäțxe̥su jänöʔcico̥ru 3° sing. jasqäțxe̥se jänöʔcico̥ro 1° plur. sqäțxe̥sem nöʔcico̥rom 2° plur. sqäțxe̥seš nöʔcico̥roš 3° plur. sqäțxe̥set nöʔcico̥rot