User:Bukkia/sandboxVIII
Subjunctive mood
The subjunctive mood is mostly used in dependent clauses, in the so-called personal constructional. It usage in main clauses is quite limited, except for its role as an imperative form. It can also convey exhortation or wish.
In simple tenses, the subjunctive widely features the infix -in-, which is placed between the root and the personal endings. Thus, other normal consonantal dropping or alteration anomalies in the indicative mood do not take place.
Present tense
The present is a simple tense. The infix -in- and the personal endings are added to the verbal roots:
| 1st sing. | |
| 2nd sing. | |
| 3rd sing. | |
| 1st plur. | |
| 2nd plur. | |
| 3rd plur. |
Forms in the subjunctive tend to be more regular than their counterparts in the indicative mood. There are, however, a limited amount of verbs with irregular subjunctive forms. Among these verbs the conjugation of the auxiliary verbs tòram, to have, and kiɣam, to come, is shown:
| 1st sing. | ||
| 2nd sing. | ||
| 3rd sing. | ||
| 1st plur. | ||
| 2nd plur. | ||
| 3rd plur. |
Usages of the subjuntive present forms in the dependent clause are diverse. As an imperative, only the 2nd person forms are used, while other forms have an exhortative value. The sense of wish is conveyed only in the 3rd person.
Imperfect tense
The imperfect is a simple tense. The infix -in-, the personal endings and the augment, -á-, are added to the verbal roots:
| 1st sing. | |
| 2nd sing. | |
| 3rd sing. | |
| 1st plur. | |
| 2nd plur. | |
| 3rd plur. |
Most irregularities occur in the verbal root, due to the augment. The augment prefix can merge with the verbal root, with possible prominent alterations, resulting in a sort of a past root, different from the basic verbal root. As an example, the verbs íméham, to go, and lîβam, to see:
| 1st sing. | ||
| 2nd sing. | ||
| 3rd sing. | ||
| 1st plur. | ||
| 2nd plur. | ||
| 3rd plur. |
Among the irregulatr verbs the conjugation of the auxiliary verbs tòram, to have, and kiɣam, to come, is shown:
| 1st sing. | ||
| 2nd sing. | ||
| 3rd sing. | ||
| 1st plur. | ||
| 2nd plur. | ||
| 3rd plur. |
The usages of the subjunctive imperfect tense are essentially limited to dependent clauses, where they can, however, be very diverse.
Preterite tense
The preterite is a compound tense. It is built with the subjunctive present forms of the verb tòram, to have, with the active past participle of the conjugated verb:
| 1st sing. | |
| 2nd sing. | |
| 3rd sing. | |
| 1st plur. | |
| 2nd plur. | |
| 3rd plur. |
This tense in regarded as essentially regular, being the only irregularities in the participial formation.
The usages of the subjunctive imperfect tense are essentially limited to dependent clauses, where they can, however, be very diverse.
Plusquamperfect tense
The plusquamperfect is a compound tense. It is built with the indicative imperfect forms of the verb tòram, to have, with the active past participle of the conjugated verb:
| 1st sing. | |
| 2nd sing. | |
| 3rd sing. | |
| 1st plur. | |
| 2nd plur. | |
| 3rd plur. |
This tense in regarded as essentially regular, being the only irregularities in the participial formation.
The plusquamperfect tense conveys completed actions or states before another past action or state.
Future tense
The future is a compound tense. It is built with the indicative present forms of the verb kiɣam, to come, with the present infinitive of the conjugated verb:
| 1st sing. | |
| 2nd sing. | |
| 3rd sing. | |
| 1st plur. | |
| 2nd plur. | |
| 3rd plur. |
This tense in regarded as essentially regular.
The future tense conveys actions or states which will be completed or ongoing in the future.
Anterior future tense
The anterior future is a compound tense. It is built with the indicative present forms of the verb kiɣam, to come, with the imperfect infinitive of the conjugated verb:
| 1st sing. | |
| 2nd sing. | |
| 3rd sing. | |
| 1st plur. | |
| 2nd plur. | |
| 3rd plur. |
This tense in regarded as essentially regular.
The anterior future tense conveys completed conveys actions or states which will be completed before another future action or state.
Future in the past tense
The future in the past is a compound tense. It is built with the indicative imperfect forms of the verb kiɣam, to come, with the present infinitive of the conjugated verb:
| 1st sing. | |
| 2nd sing. | |
| 3rd sing. | |
| 1st plur. | |
| 2nd plur. | |
| 3rd plur. |
This tense in regarded as essentially regular.
The future in the past tense conveys completed conveys actions or states which would be completed after another past action or state.
