User:Bukkia/sandboxVIII

Conjugation of a regular verb (with examples of auxiliary and irregular verbs)

Sample verb: ránosam, to breastfeed, to nurse, to give suckle

Active diathesis

Indicative mood

Present tense

The present is a simple tense. The personal endings are added to the verbal roots:

1st sing.	ránosò
2nd sing.	ránosəh
3rd sing.	rános
1st plur.	ránosonò
2nd plur.	ránosonəh
3rd plur.	ránoson

In the 3^rd singular person, which features the null ending, irregularities may often occur, like dropping or altering the last root consonant:

íméham → ímé
to go → he/she/it goes

namíɣam → namík
to bite → he/she/it bites

There are, however, a sizeable amount of irregular verbs. Among these verbs the conjugation of the auxiliary verbs tòram, to have, and kiɣam, to come, is shown:

	tòram	kiɣam
1st sing.	tòrò	kiɣò
2nd sing.	tôh	kîh
3rd sing.	tòr	kìɣ
1st plur.	tòrô	kiɣô
2nd plur.	tòrôh	kiɣôh
3rd plur.	tôr	kîɣ

The present tense conveys ongoing, habitual or gnomic actions or states.

Imperfect tense

The imperfect is a simple tense. The personal endings and the augment, -á-,are added to the verbal roots:

1st sing.	ránosò
2nd sing.	áránosəh
3rd sing.	árános
1st plur.	áránosonò
2nd plur.	áránosonəh
3rd plur.	áránoson

In the 3^rd singular person, which features the null ending, irregularities may often occur, like dropping or altering the last root consonant:

íméham → ěmé
to go → he/she/it was going

namíɣam → ánamík
to bite → he/she/it was biting

However, most irregularities occur in the verbal root, due to the augment. The augment prefix can merge with the verbal root, with possible prominent alterations, resulting in a sort of a past root, different from the basic verbal root. As an example, the verbs íméham, to go, and lîβam, to see:

	íméham	lîβam
1st sing.	ěmehò	êβò
2nd sing.	ěméhəh	êβéh
3rd sing.	ěmé	êp
1st plur.	ěméhonò	êβonò
2nd plur.	ěméhonəh	êβonəh
3rd plur.	ěméhon	êβon

Among the irregulatr verbs the conjugation of the auxiliary verbs tòram, to have, and kiɣam, to come, is shown:

	tòram	kiɣam
1st sing.	áðòrò	áɣiɣò
2nd sing.	áðôh	áɣîh
3rd sing.	áðòr	áɣìɣ
1st plur.	áðòrô	áɣiɣô
2nd plur.	áðòrôh	áɣiɣôh
3rd plur.	áðôr	áɣîɣ

The 3^rd singular person in the imperfect tense usually display both the typical irregularities of the null ending and the typical irregularities of the augmen merging. Thus it is normally cited in dictionary to exemplify the irregularities of the verbs:

lîβam (êp)
to see

The imperfect tense conveys ongoing or habitual actions or states in the past.