User:Bukkia/sandboxVIII

Verbs

The verbal system of Iðâɣ language displays the following features:

• tense:
  • simple tenses: present, imperfect
  • compound tenses: preterite, plusquamperfect, future, anterior future, future in the past
• mood:
  • definite moods: indicative, subjunctive, conditional
  • indefinite moods: infinitive, active participle, passive participle
• diathesis: active, passive

Past tenses are mostly marked by the prefix á-, known as augment, while non-past forms are unmarked. Conversely, the augment can be found also in the anterior future and in the future in the past tenses.

The citation form of verbs is the present infinitive, marked by the ending -am. From such form the verbal root can be inferred and can be changed in every other verbal form.

In simple tenses the following personal endings are added to the verbal root. In this way, verbs show their agreement with the clause subject in person and number:

1st sing.	-ò
2nd sing.	-əh
3rd sing.	-
1st plur.	-onò
2nd plur.	-onəh
3rd plur.	-on

Compound tenses are usually formed through an auxiliary verb (tòram, to have, or kiɣam, to come) with the forms of the participles or the infinitive. The different moods are formed by adding the following infixes to the verbal root, before the personal endings:

• indicative: Ø
• subjunctive: -in-
• conditional: -as-

The non-finite verbal forms are meant as nominal/adjectival forms of the same verbs. They do not add the personal endings, but they are declined as nouns or adjectives with the nominal declension endings.

As verbal forms can, however, take the augment. They can also add the modal infixes before their typical endings.

The non-finite endings are:

• infinitive: -am
• agentive participle: -íðə
• passive participle: -uɣi

The infinitival form is meant as a 2^nd class noun.