User:Bukkia/sandboxVIII
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Cases
Iðâɣ nouns do decline, according to a nominative-accusative system with 4 cases:
| Direct | This case marks both the subject and the direct object of a verb. It is regarded as the base form of the noun, and it is used as the vocative form. |
| Ablative | This case marks primarily a natural and unintentional belonging (for example, body parts), without any sign of will of possession, or an inverse belonging. It also marks the point of origin of a movement (motion from a place). It is also used to mark the direct object of an infinitival form of a verb, marking thus the direct object of the negated form of a transitive verb. |
| Genitive-Dative | This case marks possession and belonging, either intentional, unintentional, or indirect, and the indirect object. These meanings are distinguished by the presence of the prepositive article. |
| Instrumental | This case marks the tool or the instrument which are used to perform an action or to be in a certain state. It can be used only with nouns belonging to the 2nd class. |
| Locative | This case marks the place where an action is performed, or a certain state exist (stative location). It can also have a temporal value. It can be used only with nouns belonging to the 2nd class. |
The cases are usually classified in 4 groups:
- Primary cases: direct, genitive-dative
- Secondary cases: instrumental, locative
Other types of clause complements are conveyed using various postpositions, which can select one or more cases.
