User:Bukkia/sandboxVIII

Negation

The verbal negation is conveyed by two negative adverbs:

• jis
• he

These two adverbs have different usages and placements.

1. jis is used with the simple present tense, being placed after it, and with all future tenses, being placed between the auxiliary verbs and the infinitival forms.

æl‘ soɸal‘ ñamjixæh → æl‘ soɸal‘ ñamjixæh jis
the dog bites → the dog doesn't bite

æl‘ soɸal‘ jimof ñamjixæm‘ æl‘ vjirul‘ → æl‘ soɸal‘ jimof jis ñamjixæm‘ æl‘ vjirul‘
the dog will bite the man → the dog won't bite the man

2. he is used with all compound tenses formed with the auxiliary verb ojæm‘, to be, being placed after it.

æl‘ soɸal‘ ojh ñjimaciθu æl‘ vjirul‘ → æl‘ soɸal‘ he ojh ñjimaciθu æl‘ vjirul‘
the dog will bit the man → the dog didn't bite the man

È tuttavia anche possibile trovare entrambi gli avverbi negativi in una singola frase, con qualsiasi tempo, nelle posizioni tipiche (nel caso di jis, questo va a posizionarsi tra l’ausiliare e il participio). Questa costruzione viene usata per indicare una forma rafforzata di negazione:

æl‘ soɸal‘ he ojh ñjimaciθu æl‘ vjirul‘ → æl‘ soɸal‘ he ojh jis ñjimaciθu æl‘ vjirul‘
the dog didn't bite the man → the dog didn't bite the man at all

Double negatives are generally allowed, but this usage is unstable and unclear.