User:Bukkia/sandboxVIII

Noun declension

Nouns are declined for number with different models, depending on the last phoneme of the root.

Nouns, whose root ends in a consonant, add the so-called root vowel and change it:

Ø (-ɛ) → -e

Ø (-i) → -o

Ø (-u) → -o

Nouns, whose root ends in a vowel, change this last vowel. If the last vowel of the noun root is nasal, it keeps the nasalization while changing in the plural form. The general vowel changes are:

a → e	ã → ẽ
a → o	ã → õ	(Some nouns, regarded as irregular, undergo this change)
	ɛ̃ → ẽ
e → i	ẽ → ĩ
ə → e	ə̃ → ẽ
	ə̃ → õ	(Some nouns, regarded as irregular, undergo this change)
i → o	ĩ → õ
ɔ → o	ɔ̃ → õ
o → e	õ → ẽ
u → o	ũ → õ
y → i	ỹ → ĩ

As it can be noticed, nouns whose root ends in -ī and -ū do not distinguish any different plural forms.

Nouns are also declined in case by adding the following endings to the base form of the noun:

nominative	-x
accusative	-
genitive	-fu
dative	-šu
ablative	-ho
instrumental	-ma
locative	-va

Some examples are shown below: a class I noun, romex, father, and a class II noun, tōmex, house.

	romex		tōmex
	singular	plural	singular	plural
ergative	romex	romēx	tōmex	tōmēx
absolutive	rome	romē	tōme	tōmē
genitive	romefu	romēfu	tōmefu	tōmēfu
dative	romešu	romēšu	tōmešu	tōmēšu
dative	romeho	romēho	tōmeho	tōmēho
instrumental			tōmema	tōmēma
locative			tōmeva	tōmēva

As for the rules, the endings for the instrumental and locative case cannot be added to a class I noun.