User:Bukkia/sandboxVIII: Difference between revisions

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{|-
{|-
| || colspan="2" |<center><small>''śö̃''</small></center>
| || colspan="3" | <small>''<center>who / what''</small>
|-
|-
| style="width: 100px;"| || style="width: 80px;"|<center><small>''sing.''</small></center> || style="width: 80px;"|<center><small>''plur.''</small></center>
| style="width: 100px;"| || style="width: 100px;"|<center><small>''singular''</small></center> || style="width: 100px;"|<center><small>''animate plural''</small></center> || style="width: 100px;"|<center><small>''inanimate plural''</small></center>
|-
|-
| <center><small>''direct''</small></center>  || śö̃ || śö̃
| <small>''<center>nominative</center>''</small> || kaa || kaažo || kaahuu
|-
|-
| <center><small>''oblique<sub><small>1</small></sub>''</small></center>  || śö̃šy || śö̃šy
| <small>''<center>accusative</center>''</small> || kaano || kaažono || kaahuuno
|-
|-
| <center><small>''oblique<sub><small>2</small></sub>''</small></center> || śö̃h́ɛ || śö̃h́ɛ
| <small>''<center>genitive</center>''</small> || kaarra || kaažorra || kaahuurra
|-
| <small>''<center>dative</center>''</small> || kaahoo || kaažohoo || kaahuuhoo
|-
| <small>''<center>ablative</center>''</small> || kaaśu || kaažośu || kaahuuśu
|-
| <small>''<center>instrumental</center>''</small> || kaaddoo || kaažoddoo || kaahuuddoo
|-
| <small>''<center>locative</center>''</small> || kaamu || kaažomu || kaahuumu
|-
| <small>''<center>allative</center>''</small> || kaamo || kaažomo || kaahuumo
|-
| <small>''<center>delative</center>''</small> || kaama || kaažoma || kaahuuma
|-
| <small>''<center>benefactive</center>''</small> || kaaga || kaažoga || kaahuuga
|-
| <small>''<center>causative</center>''</small> || kaabbuu || kaažobbuu || kaahuubbuu
|-
| <small>''<center>abessive</center>''</small> || kaajjo || kaažojjo || kaahuujjo
|-
| <small>''<center>essive</center>''</small> || kaawaa || kaažowaa || kaahuuwaa
|-
| <small>''<center>comparative</center>''</small> || kaahha || kaažohha || kaahuuhha
|-
| <small>''<center>contrastive</center>''</small> || kaakka || kaažokka || kaahuukka
|-
| <small>''<center>partitive</center>''</small> || kaappuu || kaažoppuu || kaahuuppuu
|}
|}


Any semantic distinction in animacy among referents is made by the context:
Declined forms can take different interrogative meaning, usually depending on the context:
 
śö̃h́ɛ ševöh qakökjytə žemɛžə?
<small>whom did you give the bread to?</small>
 
There are also other interrogative pronouns (and adverbs):
 
* śɛtsah: where (<small>static location and motion toward</small>)
* śɛɣy: why (<small>cause</small>)
* śɛtür: when
* śɛmĩ: how much
* śɛmɛ: how
 
There are also the following interrogative adjectives:


* śö̃kə: which
* kaamu: where (<small>static location</small>)
* śö̃mĩkə: how much / many
* kaamo: where (<small>motion toward</small>)
* kaama: where... from (<small>motion form</small>)
* kaabbuu: why (<small>which cause</small>)


Such adjectives do not display any definite forms.
An interrogative adjective is built through the adjectival ending -je/-jo:


śö̃mĩkõ havỹ ševöh?
* kaajo : which
<small>how many sheep do you have?</small>


Within an interrogative clause, pronouns usually are usually moved at the beginning of the sentence. Their syntactical position is regarded as extremely marked. In addition, like other parts of the sentences, they can be introduced by prepositions:
Other interrogative forms are built through specific nouns.


vü śö̃šy tsɛvov?
I pronomi all’interno della frase interrogativa tendono a mantenere la posizione logica dettata dal complemento espresso, ma in fase tarda si può notare una crescente tendenza a spostarli all’inizio della frase.
<small>whom is he talking about?</small>

Revision as of 10:35, 16 September 2025

Interrogative pronouns

The basic interrogative pronoun is:

  • what / who: kaa

It displays no morphological distinction between animate or inanimate referents. It displays a complete declension and it is declined with the same endings as the nominal declension.

The numeral ending, conversely, is chosen according to the animacy of the referent. If the referent's animacy is unclear, the inanimate ending is automatically chosen:

who / what
singular
animate plural
inanimate plural
nominative
 kaa kaažo kaahuu
accusative
 kaano kaažono kaahuuno
genitive
 kaarra kaažorra kaahuurra
dative
 kaahoo kaažohoo kaahuuhoo
ablative
 kaaśu kaažośu kaahuuśu
instrumental
 kaaddoo kaažoddoo kaahuuddoo
locative
 kaamu kaažomu kaahuumu
allative
 kaamo kaažomo kaahuumo
delative
 kaama kaažoma kaahuuma
benefactive
 kaaga kaažoga kaahuuga
causative
 kaabbuu kaažobbuu kaahuubbuu
abessive
 kaajjo kaažojjo kaahuujjo
essive
 kaawaa kaažowaa kaahuuwaa
comparative
 kaahha kaažohha kaahuuhha
contrastive
 kaakka kaažokka kaahuukka
partitive
 kaappuu kaažoppuu kaahuuppuu

Declined forms can take different interrogative meaning, usually depending on the context:

  • kaamu: where (static location)
  • kaamo: where (motion toward)
  • kaama: where... from (motion form)
  • kaabbuu: why (which cause)

An interrogative adjective is built through the adjectival ending -je/-jo:

  • kaajo : which

Other interrogative forms are built through specific nouns.

I pronomi all’interno della frase interrogativa tendono a mantenere la posizione logica dettata dal complemento espresso, ma in fase tarda si può notare una crescente tendenza a spostarli all’inizio della frase.

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