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===Interrogative pronouns===
===Interrogative pronouns===
The basic interrogative pronoun is:
Basic interrogative pronouns display two different forms: one for animate entities (<small>''who?''</small>) and one for inanimate entities (<small>''what?''</small>).


*''what / who'': šæ
*''what'': šwe
*''who'': šwor


It displays a complete declension, with the nominal declension endings. Unlike other pronouns, the basic case form is used when referring to inanimate entities (<small>''what?''</small>), while the direct case form is used when referring to animate entities (<small>''who?''</small>). Plural forms are scarcely used.
Both pronouns can be declined, with the nominal declension endings, according to their animacy class.


  šæ æpjixu ojh ʎiloɸjiθu?
  šwoš kwov ših ačiǧid jẽr?
  <small>what do you see?</small>
  <small>whom did you give water to?</small>


šæl‘ æpjixu ojh ʎiloɸjiθu?
However, the inanimate interrogative pronoun display an irregular nominative form, which is identical to the accusative form:
<small>whom do you see?</small>


The oblique case form is normally used unregarding any animacy. However, when this form is used without prepositions, it takes the meaning of the indirect object, referring to an animate entity (<small>''to whom?''</small>):
  šwe nwožr?
 
  <small>what do you want?</small>
  šæha æpjixu ojh kobæciθu æl‘ pičɛl‘?
  <small>whom did you give water to?</small>


There are also other interrogative pronouns (and adverbs):
There are also other interrogative pronouns (and adverbs):


* šæθucær: where (<small>static location</small>)
* šweč: where (<small>static location and motion toward</small>)
* šæθuxa: where (<small>motion toward</small>)
* šwex: why (<small>cause</small>)
* šæθusu: where... from (<small>motion form</small>)
* šwer: when
* šæhu: why (<small>cause</small>)
* šwemĩr: how much
* šæju: when
* šwemwẽ: how
* šæminɛ: how much
* šæmæc: how


There are also the following interrogative adjectives:
There are also the following interrogative adjectives:


* šæxul‘: which
* šweɣur (<small>šweg</small>): which
* šæminɛxul‘: how much / many
* šwemĩɣur (<small>šwemĩg</small>): how much / many


Such adjectives, like the demonstrative adjectives, tend to be placed before their nouns and they are never used with the article. Moreover, they lack any form in the basic case.
Such adjectives, like the demonstrative adjectives, tend to be placed before their nouns and they are never used with the prepositive articles. Moreover, they are never declined, except for some archaic fixed expressions.


  šæminɛxunol‘ jažɛnol‘ æpjixu toθiræh?
  šamêɣə çâjînə lîβəh?
  <small>how many sheep do you have?</small>
  <small>how many trees do you see?</small>


Within an interrogative clause, pronouns usually are usually moved at the beginning of the sentence. Their syntactical position is regarded as extremely marked. In addition, like other parts of the sentences, they can be introduced by prepositions:
Within an interrogative clause, pronouns usually are usually moved at the beginning of the sentence. Their syntactical position is regarded as extremely marked or archaic. In addition, like other parts of the sentences, they can be followed by postpositions:  


  gu šæha ojh cæžɛbugjiθu?
  šwoš no čwiwňid wẽr?
  <small>whom are you talking about?</small>
  <small>whom are you talking about?</small>

Revision as of 06:15, 16 September 2025

Interrogative pronouns

Basic interrogative pronouns display two different forms: one for animate entities (who?) and one for inanimate entities (what?).

  • what: šwe
  • who: šwor

Both pronouns can be declined, with the nominal declension endings, according to their animacy class. 

šwoš kwov ših ačiǧid jẽr?
whom did you give water to?

However, the inanimate interrogative pronoun display an irregular nominative form, which is identical to the accusative form: 

šwe nwožr?
what do you want?

There are also other interrogative pronouns (and adverbs):

  • šweč: where (static location and motion toward)
  • šwex: why (cause)
  • šwer: when
  • šwemĩr: how much
  • šwemwẽ: how

There are also the following interrogative adjectives:

  • šweɣur (šweg): which
  • šwemĩɣur (šwemĩg): how much / many

Such adjectives, like the demonstrative adjectives, tend to be placed before their nouns and they are never used with the prepositive articles. Moreover, they are never declined, except for some archaic fixed expressions. 

šamêɣə çâjînə lîβəh?
how many trees do you see?

Within an interrogative clause, pronouns usually are usually moved at the beginning of the sentence. Their syntactical position is regarded as extremely marked or archaic. In addition, like other parts of the sentences, they can be followed by postpositions: 

šwoš no čwiwňid wẽr?
whom are you talking about?
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