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| ====Passive diathesis==== | | ===Negation=== |
| The ''passive diathesis'' displays only compound forms, in every mood and tense. These forms are always built through the auxiliary verb qɛňika, ''to be'' with the various forms of the passive participle. | | The verbal negation is conveyed by the negative adverb öš. This adverb is placed ''before'' the conjugated verbal form, namely before either the main verb, an auxiliary, or a modal verb. |
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| The usage of the different moods and tenses is exactly the same as the active diathesis. Notably, modal forms are conveyed by the auxiliary verb, while the aspectual and temporal forms are conveyed only by the participles.
| | sopažə jõ → sopažə '''öš''' jõ |
| | <small>the dog is sleeping → The dog isn't sleeping</small> |
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| Moreover, the passive participle always agrees with the subject of the sentence in number.
| | sopažə šev qaňamjyʎytə jyrəžə → sopažə '''öš''' šev qaňamjyʎytə jyrəžə |
| | <small>the dog bit the man → The dog didn't bite the man</small> |
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| Examples:
| | ''Double negatives'' are generally '''''allowed''''', and often used. |
| çũžõ qɛňikažõ çiçacukỹ
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| <small>the fields will be cultivated</small>
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| =====Indicative mood=====
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| {| class="wikitable"
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| |-
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| | style="width: 150px;"| <center><small>''Tense''</small></center> || <center><small>''Construction''</small></center>
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| |-
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| | '''''present''''' || indicative present forms of qɛňika + present passive participle
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| |-
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| | '''''imperfect''''' || indicative imperfect forms of qɛňika + present passive participle
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| |-
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| | '''''future''''' || indicative future forms of qɛňika + present passive participle
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| |-
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| | '''''past''''' || indicative present forms of qɛňika + past passive participle
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| |-
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| | '''''pluperfect''''' || indicative imperfect forms of qɛňika + present past participle
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| |-
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| | '''''anterior future''''' || indicative future forms of qɛňika + present past participle
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| |}
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| Examples (<small>for each tense only the 1<sup><small>st</small></sup> person singular form of the verb čö̃kika, ''to thank'', is shown</small>):
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| {| class="wikitable"
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| | style="width: 150px;"| <center><small>''Tense''</small></center> || <center><small>''Example''</small></center>
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| | '''''present''''' || qɛňə čö̃kuki, ...
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| |-
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| | '''''imperfect''''' || qaqɛňə čö̃kuki, ...
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| |-
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| | '''''future''''' || qɛňikažə čö̃kuki, ...
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| |-
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| | '''''past''''' || qɛňə qačö̃kuki, ...
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| |-
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| | '''''pluperfect''''' || qaqɛňə qačö̃kuki, ...
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| |-
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| | '''''anterior future''''' || qɛňikažə qačö̃kuki, ...
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| |}
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| =====Conditional mood=====
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| {| class="wikitable"
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| |-
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| | style="width: 150px;"| <center><small>''Tense''</small></center> || <center><small>''Construction''</small></center>
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| |-
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| | '''''present''''' || conditional present forms of qɛňika + present passive participle
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| |-
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| | '''''imperfect''''' || conditional imperfect forms of qɛňika + present passive participle
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| |-
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| | '''''past''''' || conditional present forms of qɛňika + past passive participle
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| |-
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| | '''''pluperfect''''' || conditional imperfect forms of qɛňika + present past participle
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| |}
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| Examples (<small>for each tense only the 1<sup><small>st</small></sup> person singular form of the verb čö̃kika, ''to thank'', is shown</small>):
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| {| class="wikitable"
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| | style="width: 150px;"| <center><small>''Tense''</small></center> || <center><small>''Example''</small></center>
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| | '''''present''''' || qɛňoçə čö̃kuki, ...
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| |-
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| | '''''imperfect''''' || qaqɛňoçə čö̃kuki, ...
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| |-
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| | '''''past''''' || qɛňoçə qačö̃kuki, ...
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| |-
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| | '''''pluperfect''''' || qaqɛňoçə qačö̃kuki, ...
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| |}
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| =====Imperative mood=====
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| {| class="wikitable"
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| |-
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| | style="width: 150px;"| <center><small>''Tense''</small></center> || <center><small>''Construction''</small></center>
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| |-
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| | '''''present''''' || imperative present forms of qɛňika + present passive participle
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| |}
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| Examples (<small>for each tense only the 1<sup><small>st</small></sup> person singular form of the verb čö̃kika, ''to thank'', is shown</small>):
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| {| class="wikitable"
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| |-
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| | style="width: 150px;"| <center><small>''Tense''</small></center> || <center><small>''Example''</small></center>
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| |-
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| | '''''present''''' || qɛňöňə čö̃kuki, ...
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| |}
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| =====Infinitive mood=====
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| =====Conditional mood=====
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| {| class="wikitable"
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| |-
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| | style="width: 150px;"| <center><small>''Tense''</small></center> || <center><small>''Construction''</small></center>
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| |-
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| | '''''present''''' || infinitive present forms of qɛňika + present passive participle
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| |-
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| | '''''past''''' || infinitive present forms of qɛňika + past passive participle
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| |}
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| Examples (<small>only the forms of the verb čö̃kika, ''to thank'', are shown</small>):
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| {| class="wikitable"
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| | style="width: 150px;"| <center><small>''Tense''</small></center> || <center><small>''Example''</small></center>
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| |-
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| | '''''present''''' || qɛňika čö̃kuki, ...
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| |-
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| | '''''past''''' || qɛňika qačö̃kuki, ...
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| |}
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| The forms in this diathesis are regarded as essentially regular, being the only irregularities in the participial formation.
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