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{{main|Höśikə}} | {{main|Höśikə}} | ||
This page gives an extensive description of '''Höśikə syntactical''' features. | |||
==Main clause and word order== | |||
Höśikə is an almost strictly '''SVO''' (''Subject-Verb-Object'') language. | |||
jyrəžə ljyloç sopažə | |||
<small>the man sees the dog</small> | |||
Despite the limited case system, the word order is essentially fixed because of the lacking distinction between the subject and the direct object. | |||
The | The other elements in the sentence are usually placed in the order “''time-cause-manner-place''”, although they are basically freer than the main elements, as they are conveyed by the case system or by the prepositions. These elements can be emphasized by placing them at the beginning of the sentence. The indirect object tends to be placed ''after'' the direct object of the sentence. | ||
== | ==Nouns== | ||
The noun cluster is formed by a noun, carrying the main meaning, and by other noun-type forms, namely adjectives, which specify this meaning or add other meanings to the main noun. Inside of a noun cluster, the noun can be replaced by a pronoun. | |||
The noun is usually located in the center of the noun cluster, being preceded or followed by every other specifying form. | |||
The | Non-adjectival elements conveying ''possession'' and ''belonging'' are always placed '''after''' the noun. | ||
ež hɔgo čejžəre əjrore | |||
<small> | <small>the man’s house</small> | ||
Every attributive adjectives, conversely, is always placed '''before''' the noun. | |||
ɔddužo ləja | |||
<small>my hand</small> | |||
ež hɔva ɔne | |||
<small>the young woman</small> | |||
The role of the noun cluster in the sentence and its number are marked by case and number endings. These endings mark also other adjectival elements inside the noun cluster, resulting this in the process called ''nominal agreement''. | |||
Both ''attributive'' and ''predicative'' adjectives agree in case and number with the noun they specify. Other elements, which convey possession or belonging do not agree with the main nominal form. | |||
ež hɔva əjro əjmejh hɔguh | |||
<small>the young man is going home</small> | |||
ɔddunužo hɔgo | |||
<small>our house</small> | |||
ežno hɔvano ɔneno | |||
<small>the young women</small> | |||
ežno ɔneno hɔvano | |||
<small>the women are young</small> | |||
As it is essentially regarded as a specifying form, the article is also always placed ''before'' the entire noun cluster. | |||
ežno rejuno hɔgono čejžəre ugejre əjrore | |||
<small>the new houses of the old man</small> | |||
The grammar role of noun clusters can be further specified by ''prepositions'', which are placed before the cluster. Thus, it can be stated that the noun cluster can be introduced by a preposition. | |||
cegihugɔ gɔd ežəre hɔgore | |||
<small>I am talking about the house</small> | |||
=== The cases=== | |||
The grammatical role of the noun cluster in a sentence is conveyed by some endings. These endings are bound to ''grammatical cases'', with usually well-defined roles. | |||
The cases in Gəjlnigo language are 2: | |||
*''Direct'' | |||
*''Oblique'' | |||
The grammatical roles and all possible differences in usage among similar cases are enlisted below: | |||
Revision as of 03:02, 29 August 2025
- Main article: Höśikə
This page gives an extensive description of Höśikə syntactical features.
Main clause and word order
Höśikə is an almost strictly SVO (Subject-Verb-Object) language.
jyrəžə ljyloç sopažə the man sees the dog
Despite the limited case system, the word order is essentially fixed because of the lacking distinction between the subject and the direct object.
The other elements in the sentence are usually placed in the order “time-cause-manner-place”, although they are basically freer than the main elements, as they are conveyed by the case system or by the prepositions. These elements can be emphasized by placing them at the beginning of the sentence. The indirect object tends to be placed after the direct object of the sentence.
Nouns
The noun cluster is formed by a noun, carrying the main meaning, and by other noun-type forms, namely adjectives, which specify this meaning or add other meanings to the main noun. Inside of a noun cluster, the noun can be replaced by a pronoun.
The noun is usually located in the center of the noun cluster, being preceded or followed by every other specifying form.
Non-adjectival elements conveying possession and belonging are always placed after the noun.
ež hɔgo čejžəre əjrore the man’s house
Every attributive adjectives, conversely, is always placed before the noun.
ɔddužo ləja my hand
ež hɔva ɔne the young woman
The role of the noun cluster in the sentence and its number are marked by case and number endings. These endings mark also other adjectival elements inside the noun cluster, resulting this in the process called nominal agreement.
Both attributive and predicative adjectives agree in case and number with the noun they specify. Other elements, which convey possession or belonging do not agree with the main nominal form.
ež hɔva əjro əjmejh hɔguh the young man is going home
ɔddunužo hɔgo our house
ežno hɔvano ɔneno the young women
ežno ɔneno hɔvano the women are young
As it is essentially regarded as a specifying form, the article is also always placed before the entire noun cluster.
ežno rejuno hɔgono čejžəre ugejre əjrore the new houses of the old man
The grammar role of noun clusters can be further specified by prepositions, which are placed before the cluster. Thus, it can be stated that the noun cluster can be introduced by a preposition.
cegihugɔ gɔd ežəre hɔgore I am talking about the house
The cases
The grammatical role of the noun cluster in a sentence is conveyed by some endings. These endings are bound to grammatical cases, with usually well-defined roles.
The cases in Gəjlnigo language are 2:
- Direct
- Oblique
The grammatical roles and all possible differences in usage among similar cases are enlisted below:
