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==Numerals== | |||
The numeral system relies on a decimal base. | |||
== | |||
===Cardinal numerals=== | |||
The first ten cardinal numbers are noun-like forms on their own: | |||
{|- | |||
|- | |||
| style="width: 40px;"| <center><small>''digit''</small></center> || <center><small>''noun form''</small></center> | |||
|- | |||
| <center>''1'':</center> || šā́ʔo | |||
|- | |||
| <center>''2'':</center> || ʔaki | |||
|- | |||
| <center>''3'':</center> || mikṓ | |||
|- | |||
| <center>''4'':</center> || gṓwe | |||
|- | |||
| <center>''5'':</center> || pā́ge | |||
|- | |||
| <center>''6'':</center> || thū́wa | |||
|- | |||
| <center>''7'':</center> || hašɑ | |||
|- | |||
| <center>''8'':</center> || kuʔe | |||
|- | |||
| <center>''9'':</center> || tsṓju | |||
|- | |||
| <center>''10'':</center> || phḗʔo | |||
|} | |||
Numerals from 11 to 19 are built with the construction NUM + phḗʔo + na: | |||
{|- | |||
|- | |||
| style="width: 40px;"| <center><small>''digit''</small></center> || <center><small>''noun form''</small></center> | |||
|- | |||
| <center>''11'':</center> || šā́ʔophḗʔona | |||
|- | |||
| <center>''12'':</center> || ʔakiphḗʔona | |||
|- | |||
| <center>''13'':</center> || mikṓphḗʔona | |||
|- | |||
| <center>''14'':</center> || gṓwephḗʔona | |||
|- | |||
| <center>''15'':</center> || pā́gephḗʔona | |||
|- | |||
| <center>''16'':</center> || thū́waphḗʔona | |||
|- | |||
| <center>''17'':</center> || hašɑphḗʔona | |||
|- | |||
| <center>''18'':</center> || kuʔephḗʔona | |||
|- | |||
| <center>''19'':</center> || tsṓjuphḗʔona | |||
|} | |||
The numerals for ''(one) hundred'' and ''(one) thousand'' are noun-like forms on their own: | |||
{|- | |||
{| | |||
|- | |- | ||
| style="width: | | style="width: 40px;"| <center><small>''digit''</small></center> || <center><small>''noun form''</small></center> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '' | | <center>''100'':</center> || ñā́tu | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '' | | <center>''1000'':</center> || wiʔā́ | ||
|} | |||
The numerals for the multiples of tens, hundreds and thousands are built with the construction NUM + re + phḗʔo/ñā́tu/wiʔā́: | |||
{|- | |||
|- | |||
| style="width: 40px;"| <center><small></small></center> || style="width: 100px;"| <center><small>''tens''</small></center> || style="width: 100px;"| <center><small>''hundreds''</small></center> || style="width: 100px;"| <center><small>''thousands''</small></center> | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | <center><small>''2x'':</small></center> || ʔakirephḗʔo || ʔakireñā́tu || ʔakirewiʔā́ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''' | | <center><small>''3x'':</small></center> || mikṓrephḗʔo || mikṓreñā́tu || mikṓrewiʔā́ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | <center><small>''4x'':</small></center> || gṓwerephḗʔo || gṓwereñā́tu || gṓwerewiʔā́ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''' | | <center><small>''5x'':</small></center> || pā́gerephḗʔo || pā́gereñā́tu || pā́gerewiʔā́ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''' | | <center><small>''6x'':</small></center> || thū́warephḗʔo || thū́wareñā́tu || thū́warewiʔā́ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''' | | <center><small>''7x'':</small></center> || hašɑrephḗʔo || hašɑreñā́tu || hašɑrewiʔā́ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | <center><small>''8x'':</small></center> || kuʔerephḗʔo || kuʔereñā́tu || kuʔerewiʔā́ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| <center><small>''9x'':</small></center> || tsṓjurephḗʔo || tsṓjureñā́tu || tsṓjurewiʔā́ | |||
|} | |} | ||
Numbers above the multiples of thousands have no name and are specified by the lesser numerals. | |||
=== | Composite numbers are built by just putting them beside, without any conjunction, in descending order: | ||
*''1985'': wiʔā́ tsṓjureñā́tu kuʔerephḗʔo pā́ge | |||
All cardinal numerals are meant as invariable forms. | |||
===Ordinal numerals=== | |||
Ordinal numerals are formed by adding the adjectival ending -ko to the cardinal numeral form: | |||
{|- | {|- | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | style="width: 40px;"| <center><small>''digit''</small></center> || <center><small>''adjective form''</small></center> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| <center>''1<sup>st</sup>'':</center> || šā́ʔoko | |||
|- | |- | ||
| <center>< | | <center>''2<sup>nd</sup>'':</center> || ʔakiko | ||
|- | |- | ||
| <center>< | | <center>''3<sup>rd</sup>'':</center> || mikṓko | ||
|- | |- | ||
| <center>< | | <center>''4<sup>th</sup>'':</center> || gṓweko | ||
|- | |- | ||
| <center>< | | <center>''5<sup>th</sup>'':</center> || pā́geko | ||
|- | |- | ||
| <center>< | | <center>''6<sup>th</sup>'':</center> || thū́wako | ||
|- | |- | ||
| <center>< | | <center>''7<sup>th</sup>'':</center> || hašɑko | ||
|- | |- | ||
| <center>< | | <center>''8<sup>th</sup>'':</center> || kuʔeko | ||
|- | |- | ||
| <center> | | <center>''9<sup>th</sup>'':</center> || tsṓjuko | ||
|- | |- | ||
| <center>< | | <center>''10<sup>th</sup>'':</center> || phḗʔoko | ||
|} | |} | ||
If the numeral form is composite, the ending is added only to the last numeral form: | |||
*''25<sup>th</sup>'': ʔakirephḗʔo pā́geko | |||
===Fractional numerals=== | |||
Fractional numerals are formed by adding the derivative ending -gū́ to the cardinal numeral form, with the exceptions of the numeral ''one'', and an irregular suppletive form: | |||
{|- | {|- | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | style="width: 40px;"| <center><small>''digit''</small></center> || <center><small>''full form''</small></center> | ||
|- | |||
| <center>''1'':</center> || - | |||
|- | |||
| <center>''2'':</center> || kū́pho | |||
|- | |||
| <center>''3'':</center> || mikṓgū́ | |||
|- | |||
| <center>''4'':</center> || gṓwegū́ | |||
|- | |||
| <center>''5'':</center> || pā́gegū́ | |||
|- | |- | ||
| <center>''6'':</center> || thū́wagū́ | |||
|- | |- | ||
| <center | | <center>''7'':</center> || hašɑgū́ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| <center | | <center>''8'':</center> || kuʔegū́ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| <center | | <center>''9'':</center> || tsṓjugū́ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| <center | | <center>''10'':</center> || phḗʔogū́ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| <center | | <center>''11'':</center> || šā́ʔophḗʔonagū́ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| <center | | <center>''12'':</center> || ʔakiphḗʔonagū́ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| <center | | <center>''20'':</center> || ʔakirephḗʔogū́ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| <center | | <center>''60'':</center> || thū́warephḗʔogū́ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| <center | | <center>''300'':</center> || mikṓreñā́tugū́ | ||
|- | |||
| <center>''9000'':</center> || tsṓjurewiʔā́gū́ | |||
|} | |} | ||
If the numeral form is composite, the ending is added only to the last numeral form: | |||
*''25'': ʔakirephḗʔo pā́gegū́ | |||
===Distributive numerals=== | |||
Distributive numerals are formed by adding the derivative ending -jḗ to the cardinal numeral form: | |||
{|- | {|- | ||
|- | |- | ||
| || | | style="width: 40px;"| <center><small>''digit''</small></center> || <center><small>''full form''</small></center> | ||
|- | |||
| <center>''1'':</center> || šā́ʔojḗ | |||
|- | |||
| <center>''2'':</center> || ʔakijḗ | |||
|- | |||
| <center>''3'':</center> || mikṓjḗ | |||
|- | |- | ||
| <center>''4'':</center> || gṓwejḗ | |||
|- | |- | ||
| <center | | <center>''5'':</center> || pā́gejḗ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| <center | | <center>''6'':</center> || thū́wajḗ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| <center | | <center>''7'':</center> || hašɑjḗ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| <center | | <center>''8'':</center> || kuʔejḗ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| <center | | <center>''9'':</center> || tsṓjujḗ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| <center | | <center>''10'':</center> || phḗʔojḗ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| <center | | <center>''11'':</center> || šā́ʔophḗʔonajḗ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| <center | | <center>''12'':</center> || ʔakiphḗʔonajḗ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| <center>< | | <center>''20'':</center> || ʔakirephḗʔojḗ | ||
|- | |||
| <center>''60'':</center> || thū́warephḗʔojḗ | |||
|- | |||
| <center>''300'':</center> || mikṓreñā́tujḗ | |||
|- | |||
| <center>''9000'':</center> || tsṓjurewiʔā́jḗ | |||
|} | |} | ||
If the numeral form is composite, the ending is added only to the last numeral form: | |||
*''25'': ʔakirephḗʔo pā́gejḗ | |||
===Multiplier numerals=== | |||
Multiplier numerals are formed by adding the derivative ending -renɑ to the cardinal numeral form: | |||
{|- | {|- | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="width: | | style="width: 40px;"| <center><small>''digit''</small></center> || <center><small>''full form''</small></center> | ||
|- | |||
| <center>''1'':</center> || šā́ʔorenɑ | |||
|- | |||
| <center>''2'':</center> || ʔakirenɑ | |||
|- | |||
| <center>''3'':</center> || mikṓrenɑ | |||
|- | |||
| <center>''4'':</center> || gṓwerenɑ | |||
|- | |- | ||
| <center | | <center>''5'':</center> || pā́gerenɑ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| <center | | <center>''6'':</center> || thū́warenɑ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| <center | | <center>''7'':</center> || hašɑrenɑ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| <center | | <center>''8'':</center> || kuʔerenɑ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| <center | | <center>''9'':</center> || tsṓjurenɑ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| <center | | <center>''10'':</center> || phḗʔorenɑ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| <center | | <center>''11'':</center> || šā́ʔophḗʔonarenɑ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| <center | | <center>''12'':</center> || ʔakiphḗʔonarenɑ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| <center | | <center>''20'':</center> || ʔakirephḗʔorenɑ | ||
|- | |||
| <center>''60'':</center> || thū́warephḗʔorenɑ | |||
|- | |||
| <center>''300'':</center> || mikṓreñā́turenɑ | |||
|- | |||
| <center>''9000'':</center> || tsṓjurewiʔā́renɑ | |||
|} | |} | ||
If the numeral form is composite, the ending is added only to the last numeral form: | |||
*''25'': ʔakirephḗʔo pā́gerenɑ | |||
Revision as of 01:25, 26 August 2025
Numerals
The numeral system relies on a decimal base.
Cardinal numerals
The first ten cardinal numbers are noun-like forms on their own:
| šā́ʔo | |
| ʔaki | |
| mikṓ | |
| gṓwe | |
| pā́ge | |
| thū́wa | |
| hašɑ | |
| kuʔe | |
| tsṓju | |
| phḗʔo |
Numerals from 11 to 19 are built with the construction NUM + phḗʔo + na:
| šā́ʔophḗʔona | |
| ʔakiphḗʔona | |
| mikṓphḗʔona | |
| gṓwephḗʔona | |
| pā́gephḗʔona | |
| thū́waphḗʔona | |
| hašɑphḗʔona | |
| kuʔephḗʔona | |
| tsṓjuphḗʔona |
The numerals for (one) hundred and (one) thousand are noun-like forms on their own:
| ñā́tu | |
| wiʔā́ |
The numerals for the multiples of tens, hundreds and thousands are built with the construction NUM + re + phḗʔo/ñā́tu/wiʔā́:
| ʔakirephḗʔo | ʔakireñā́tu | ʔakirewiʔā́ | |
| mikṓrephḗʔo | mikṓreñā́tu | mikṓrewiʔā́ | |
| gṓwerephḗʔo | gṓwereñā́tu | gṓwerewiʔā́ | |
| pā́gerephḗʔo | pā́gereñā́tu | pā́gerewiʔā́ | |
| thū́warephḗʔo | thū́wareñā́tu | thū́warewiʔā́ | |
| hašɑrephḗʔo | hašɑreñā́tu | hašɑrewiʔā́ | |
| kuʔerephḗʔo | kuʔereñā́tu | kuʔerewiʔā́ | |
| tsṓjurephḗʔo | tsṓjureñā́tu | tsṓjurewiʔā́ |
Numbers above the multiples of thousands have no name and are specified by the lesser numerals.
Composite numbers are built by just putting them beside, without any conjunction, in descending order:
- 1985: wiʔā́ tsṓjureñā́tu kuʔerephḗʔo pā́ge
All cardinal numerals are meant as invariable forms.
Ordinal numerals
Ordinal numerals are formed by adding the adjectival ending -ko to the cardinal numeral form:
| šā́ʔoko | |
| ʔakiko | |
| mikṓko | |
| gṓweko | |
| pā́geko | |
| thū́wako | |
| hašɑko | |
| kuʔeko | |
| tsṓjuko | |
| phḗʔoko |
If the numeral form is composite, the ending is added only to the last numeral form:
- 25th: ʔakirephḗʔo pā́geko
Fractional numerals
Fractional numerals are formed by adding the derivative ending -gū́ to the cardinal numeral form, with the exceptions of the numeral one, and an irregular suppletive form:
| - | |
| kū́pho | |
| mikṓgū́ | |
| gṓwegū́ | |
| pā́gegū́ | |
| thū́wagū́ | |
| hašɑgū́ | |
| kuʔegū́ | |
| tsṓjugū́ | |
| phḗʔogū́ | |
| šā́ʔophḗʔonagū́ | |
| ʔakiphḗʔonagū́ | |
| ʔakirephḗʔogū́ | |
| thū́warephḗʔogū́ | |
| mikṓreñā́tugū́ | |
| tsṓjurewiʔā́gū́ |
If the numeral form is composite, the ending is added only to the last numeral form:
- 25: ʔakirephḗʔo pā́gegū́
Distributive numerals
Distributive numerals are formed by adding the derivative ending -jḗ to the cardinal numeral form:
| šā́ʔojḗ | |
| ʔakijḗ | |
| mikṓjḗ | |
| gṓwejḗ | |
| pā́gejḗ | |
| thū́wajḗ | |
| hašɑjḗ | |
| kuʔejḗ | |
| tsṓjujḗ | |
| phḗʔojḗ | |
| šā́ʔophḗʔonajḗ | |
| ʔakiphḗʔonajḗ | |
| ʔakirephḗʔojḗ | |
| thū́warephḗʔojḗ | |
| mikṓreñā́tujḗ | |
| tsṓjurewiʔā́jḗ |
If the numeral form is composite, the ending is added only to the last numeral form:
- 25: ʔakirephḗʔo pā́gejḗ
Multiplier numerals
Multiplier numerals are formed by adding the derivative ending -renɑ to the cardinal numeral form:
| šā́ʔorenɑ | |
| ʔakirenɑ | |
| mikṓrenɑ | |
| gṓwerenɑ | |
| pā́gerenɑ | |
| thū́warenɑ | |
| hašɑrenɑ | |
| kuʔerenɑ | |
| tsṓjurenɑ | |
| phḗʔorenɑ | |
| šā́ʔophḗʔonarenɑ | |
| ʔakiphḗʔonarenɑ | |
| ʔakirephḗʔorenɑ | |
| thū́warephḗʔorenɑ | |
| mikṓreñā́turenɑ | |
| tsṓjurewiʔā́renɑ |
If the numeral form is composite, the ending is added only to the last numeral form:
- 25: ʔakirephḗʔo pā́gerenɑ