User:Bukkia/sandboxVIII

Personal pronouns

Personal pronouns convey only the first two persons (1^st and 2^nd) in both numbers. Unlike nominal or adjectival roots, these root are monosyllabic.

They are declined with the same endings as the nominal declension, and select only the animate plural ending, as they refer always to animated entities.

	1stperson		2ndperson
	singular	plural	singular	plural
nominative	roo	roožo	šee	šeeže
accusative	roono	roožono	šeene	šeežene
genitive	roorra	roožorra	šeerræ	šeežerræ
dative	roohoo	roožohoo	šeehee	šeežehee
ablative	roośu	roožośu	šeeśi	šeežeśi
instrumental	rooddoo	roožoddoo	šeeddee	šeežeddee
locative	roomu	roožomu	šeemi	šeežemi
allative	roomo	roožomo	šeeme	šeežeme
delative	rooma	roožoma	šeemæ	šeežemæ
benefactive	rooga	roožoga	šeegæ	šeežegæ
causative	roobbuu	roožobbuu	šeebbii	šeežebbii
abessive	roojjo	roožojjo	šeejje	šeežejje
essive	roowaa	roožowaa	šeewææ	šeežewææ
comparative	roohha	roožohha	šeehhæ	šeežehhæ
contrastive	rookka	roožokka	šeekkæ	šeežekkæ
partitive	rooppuu	roožoppuu	šeeppii	šeežeppii

Unlike any other elements of the sentence, the personal pronouns compulsorily distinguish the number singular from the plural.

In the 3^rd person, a double distinction is made. There are, actually, two forms, referring respectively to either animated beings or inanimate entities.

In the 1^st, 2^nd and 3^rd animate persons an additional distinction is made between formal and informal forms. Formal pronouns are used in formal contexts, out of politeness, and are derived from former so-called royal pronouns, reserved for people with a higher social status in the earlier middle period. Over time, their usage have changed in a distinction of politeness / familiarity.

(Throughout this grammar in examples the informal forms are primarily used, since they are regarded as the most familiar in the spoken language.)

All forms, if adjoined by the preposition gü, play the role of an indeclinable possessive pronoun, being placed after a demonstrative pronominal form.

osã gö̃ vuɣner nuvɔ uc gü eʂeʂ
my father saw yours