User:Bukkia/sandboxVIII: Difference between revisions

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===Personal pronouns===
===Personal pronouns===
Personal pronouns feature a distinction between three persons, and, unlike any other elements of the sentence, compulsorily distinguish the number singular from the plural:
Personal pronouns feature a distinction between three persons:
 
{|-
|-
| style="width: 100px;"| <center><small>''1<sup><small>st</small></sup> person''</small></center> || style="width: 70px;"| '''ŋọ'''
|-
| <center><small>''2<sup><small>st</small></sup> person''</small></center> || '''sȧ'''
|-
| <center><small>''3<sup><small>st</small></sup> person''</small></center> || '''ɬė'''
|}
 
Unlike any other elements of the sentence, the personal pronouns compulsorily distinguish the number singular from the plural, by placing the plural particle '''ʔẹ''' after them:


{|-
{|-
Line 6: Line 17:
| style="width: 100px;"| || style="width: 70px;"|<center><small>''singular''</small></center> || style="width: 70px;"|<center><small>''plural''</small></center>
| style="width: 100px;"| || style="width: 70px;"|<center><small>''singular''</small></center> || style="width: 70px;"|<center><small>''plural''</small></center>
|-
|-
| <center><small>''1<sup><small>st</small></sup> person''</small></center> || go̱ || gø̱
| <center><small>''1<sup><small>st</small></sup> person''</small></center> || '''ŋọ''' || '''ŋọ ʔẹ'''
|-
|-
| <center><small>''2<sup><small>st</small></sup> person''</small></center> || sā || sæ̱̏
| <center><small>''2<sup><small>st</small></sup> person''</small></center> || '''sȧ''' || '''sȧ ʔẹ'''
|-
|-
| <center><small>''3<sup><small>st</small></sup> person''</small></center> || bē || bȅ̱
| <center><small>''3<sup><small>st</small></sup> person''</small></center> || '''ɬė''' || '''ɬė ʔẹ'''
|}
|}


The 3<sup><small>st</small></sup> person pronouns usually refer to semantically animate or human entities, although they may technically refer to every entity. For inanimate or unreal entities, demonostrative adjectives or pronouns are rather used.
The 3<sup><small>st</small></sup> person pronoun usually refers to semantically animate or human entities, although it may technically refer to every entity. For inanimate or unreal entities, demonostrative adjectives or pronouns are rather used.


All forms, if adjoined by the preposition sɪ̄̀ (<small>used as a postposition</small>), play the role of an indeclinable possessive adjective, being placed before a noun, or the role of indeclinable possessive pronoun, being placed before a demonstrative pronominal form.
All forms, if adjoined by the postposition '''sėj''', play the role of an indeclinable possessive adjective, being placed before a noun, or the role of indeclinable possessive pronoun, being placed before a demonstrative pronominal form.


  go̱ sɪ̄̀ ta sū̀ xō sæ̱̏ sɪ̄̀ ma
  '''ŋọ sėj ta sȧ ʔẹ sėj ma su̇h xȯ'''
  <small>my father saw your mother</small>
  <small>my father saw your mother</small>


  go̱ sɪ̄̀ ta sū̀ xō sæ̱̏ sɪ̄̀ tı̱̋
  '''ŋọ sėj ta sȧ ʔẹ sėj tjı̣n su̇h xȯ'''
  <small>my father saw yours</small>
  <small>my father saw yours</small>

Revision as of 02:24, 8 July 2025

Personal pronouns

Personal pronouns feature a distinction between three persons:

1st person
 ŋọ
2st person
 sȧ
3st person
 ɬė

Unlike any other elements of the sentence, the personal pronouns compulsorily distinguish the number singular from the plural, by placing the plural particle ʔẹ after them:

singular
plural
1st person
 ŋọ ŋọ ʔẹ
2st person
 sȧ sȧ ʔẹ
3st person
 ɬė ɬė ʔẹ

The 3st person pronoun usually refers to semantically animate or human entities, although it may technically refer to every entity. For inanimate or unreal entities, demonostrative adjectives or pronouns are rather used.

All forms, if adjoined by the postposition sėj, play the role of an indeclinable possessive adjective, being placed before a noun, or the role of indeclinable possessive pronoun, being placed before a demonstrative pronominal form. 

ŋọ sėj ta sȧ ʔẹ sėj ma su̇h xȯ
my father saw your mother

ŋọ sėj ta sȧ ʔẹ sėj tjı̣n su̇h xȯ
my father saw yours
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