User:Ahzoh: Difference between revisions

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{{vrkh-anim|rēb|rēb}}
{{vrkh-anim|rēb|rēb}}
{{vrkh-anim|sammal|sammal}}
{{vrkh-anim|sammal|sammal}}
{{vrkh-inan|sammal|sammal}}
{{vrkh-anim|wāś|wāś}}
{{vrkh-anim|wāś|wāś}}
{{vrkh-inan|ḫurr|ḫur}}
{{vrkh-inan|ḫurr|ḫur}}

Revision as of 15:55, 7 July 2025

Creator of Vrkhazhian, Onschen and Hussite


𞤹𞤸𞤪


WIP Vrkhazhian Case System

Status Absolutus
Animate Inanimate
Feminine Masculine Neuter
Singular Plural Singular Plural Singular Plural Singular Plural
Nominative -um -ūwa -im -īya -am -āya -as -āsa
Vocative -u -i -a
Accusative -us -ūsa -is -īsa -as -āsa
Genitive -ūwa -īya -āya -aḫ -āya
Equative -ūli -īli -āli -āli
Status Constructus
Animate Inanimate
Feminine Masculine Neuter
Singular Plural Singular Plural Singular Plural Singular Plural
Nominative -∅ -ū -∅ -ī -∅ -ā -∅ -ā
Vocative
Accusative
Genitive -u -i -a -a
Equative -ūli -īli -āli -āli


Declension of lumbam (an.) 
Governed Singular Plural
Nominative lumbam lumbāya
Vocative lumbī
Accusative lumbas lumbāsa
Genitive lumban lumbāna
Equative lumbīli
Construct Singular Plural
Nominative lumbi lumbī
Vocative
Accusative lumba lumbā
Genitive
Equative lumbīli
Absolute1 Singular Plural
lumub
1The absolute state of the noun is primarily used to mark the predicate of a nominal sentence as well as nouns modified by a numeral. It is also used in names.
Declension of rēbam (an.) 
Governed Singular Plural
Nominative rēbam rēbāya
Vocative rēbī
Accusative rēbas rēbāsa
Genitive rēban rēbāna
Equative rēbīli
Construct Singular Plural
Nominative rēbi rēbī
Vocative
Accusative rēba rēbā
Genitive
Equative rēbīli
Absolute1 Singular Plural
rēb
1The absolute state of the noun is primarily used to mark the predicate of a nominal sentence as well as nouns modified by a numeral. It is also used in names.
Declension of sammalam (an.) 
Governed Singular Plural
Nominative sammalam sammalāya
Vocative sammalī
Accusative sammalas sammalāsa
Genitive sammalan sammalāna
Equative sammalīli
Construct Singular Plural
Nominative sammali sammalī
Vocative
Accusative sammala sammalā
Genitive
Equative sammalīli
Absolute1 Singular Plural
sammal
1The absolute state of the noun is primarily used to mark the predicate of a nominal sentence as well as nouns modified by a numeral. It is also used in names.
Declension of wāśam (an.) 
Governed Singular Plural
Nominative wāśam wāśāya
Vocative wāśī
Accusative wāśas wāśāsa
Genitive wāśan wāśāna
Equative wāśīli
Construct Singular Plural
Nominative wāśi wāśī
Vocative
Accusative wāśa wāśā
Genitive
Equative wāśīli
Absolute1 Singular Plural
wāś
1The absolute state of the noun is primarily used to mark the predicate of a nominal sentence as well as nouns modified by a numeral. It is also used in names.
Declension of ḫurras (inan.) 
Governed Singular Plural
Nominative ḫurras ḫurrāsa
Vocative
Accusative
Genitive ḫurraḫ ḫurrāya
Equative ḫurrīli
Construct Singular Plural
Nominative ḫurri ḫurrī
Vocative
Accusative ḫurra ḫurrā
Genitive
Equative ḫurrīli
Absolute1 Singular Plural
ḫur
1The absolute state of the noun is primarily used to mark the predicate of a nominal sentence as well as nouns modified by a numeral. It is also used in names.
Declension of kurkas (inan.) 
Governed Singular Plural
Nominative kurkas kurkāsa
Vocative
Accusative
Genitive kurkaḫ kurkāya
Equative kurkīli
Construct Singular Plural
Nominative kurki kurkī
Vocative
Accusative kurka kurkā
Genitive
Equative kurkīli
Absolute1 Singular Plural
kuruk
1The absolute state of the noun is primarily used to mark the predicate of a nominal sentence as well as nouns modified by a numeral. It is also used in names.

WIP Verb System

Summary

Vrkhazhian Verb Derivation
Prefix(es) Internal Change Function Example Notes
— — ACTIVE
— -ā- PLURACTIONAL Rare, sound and III-weak verbs only
— Reduplication PLURACTIONAL, FACTITIVE
sa- — CAUSATIVE
-ā- CAUSATIVE PLURACTIONAL Rare, sound and III-weak verbs only
Reduplication
ma- — APPLICATIVE
-ā- APPLICATIVE PLURACTIONAL Rare, sound and III-weak verbs only
Reduplication

Active Voice

Pluractional

Applicative Voice

Benefactive

Other

Stem shapes based on stress

Verbs

Base
Weakness Realis Irrealis Imperative
Strong PaRv́Ḫ- -PRv́Ḫ- PaRḪ-á-
Initial Weak I-w WaRv́Ḫ- -ūRv́Ḫ- WaRḪ-á-
I-y YaRv́Ḫ- -īRv́Ḫ- YaRḪ-á-
I-a ˀaRv́Ḫ- -āRv́Ḫ- ˀaRḪ-á-
I-e ˀeRv́Ḫ- -ēRv́Ḫ- ˀeRḪ-é-
Middle Weak II-w Pū́Ḫ- -Pū́Ḫ- PūḪ-á-
II-y Pī́Ḫ- -Pī́Ḫ- PīḪ-á-
II-a Pā́Ḫ- -Pā́Ḫ- PāḪ-á-
II-e PḗḪ- -PḗḪ- PēḪ-é-
Final Weak III-w PaRū́- -PRū́- PāR-á-
III-y PaRī́- -PRī́- PāR-á-
III-a PaRā́- -PRā́- PāR-á-
III-e PeRḗ- -PRḗ- PēR-é-
Gemination
Weakness Realis Irrealis Imperative
Strong PaRRv́Ḫ- -PaRRv́Ḫ- PaRRvḪ-á-
Initial Weak I-w WaRRv́Ḫ- -uRRv́Ḫ- WaRRvḪ-á-
I-y YaRRv́Ḫ- -iRRv́Ḫ- YaRRvḪ-á-
I-a ˀaRRv́Ḫ- -aRRv́Ḫ- ˀaRRvḪ-á-
I-e ˀeRRv́Ḫ- -eRRv́Ḫ- ˀeRRvḪ-é-
Middle Weak II-w PấḪ- -PấḪ- PuḪḪ-á-
II-y PấḪ- -PấḪ- PiḪḪ-á-
II-a PấḪ- -PấḪ- PaḪḪ-á-
II-e PếḪ- -PếḪ- PeḪḪ-é-
Final Weak III-w PaRRū́- -PaRRū́- PaRR-á-
III-y PaRRī́- -PaRRī́- PaRR-á-
III-a PaRRā́- -PaRRā́- PaRR-á-
III-e PeRRḗ- -PeRRḗ- PeRR-é-
sa- Prefix
Weakness Realis Irrealis Imperative
Strong saPRáḪ- -saPRáḪ- saPRaḪ-á-
Initial Weak I-w sūRáḪ- -sūRáḪ- sūRaḪ-á-
I-y sīRáḪ- -sīRáḪ- sīRaḪ-á-
I-a sāRáḪ- -sāRáḪ- sāRaḪ-á-
I-e sēRéḪ- -sēRéḪ- sēReḪ-é-
Middle Weak II-w saPū́Ḫ- -sPū́Ḫ- saPūḪ-á-
II-y saPī́Ḫ- -sPī́Ḫ- saPīḪ-á-
II-a saPā́Ḫ- -sPā́Ḫ- saPāḪ-á-
II-e sePḗḪ- -sPḗḪ- sePēḪ-é-
Final Weak III-w saPRū́- -saPRū́- saPR-á-
III-y saPRī́- -saPRī́- saPR-á-
III-a saPaRā́- -saPRā́- saPR-á-
III-e sePRḗ- -sePRḗ- sePR-é-
sa- Prefix + Gemination
Weakness Realis Irrealis Imperative
Strong saPaRRáḪ- -sPaRRáḪ- saPaRRaḪ-á-
Initial Weak I-w suRRáḪ- -suRRáḪ- suRRaḪ-á-
I-y siRRáḪ- -siRRáḪ- siRRaḪ-á-
I-a saRRáḪ- -saRRáḪ- saRRaḪ-á-
I-e seRRéḪ- -seRRéḪ- seRReḪ-é-
Middle Weak II-w saPấḪ- -sPấḪ- saPuḪḪ-á-
II-y saPấḪ- -sPấḪ- saPiḪḪ-á-
II-a saPấḪ- -sPấḪ- saPaḪḪ-á-
II-e sePếḪ- -sPếḪ- sePeḪḪ-é-
Final Weak III-w saPaRRū́- -sPaRRū́- saPaRR-á-
III-y saPaRRī́- -sPaRRī́- saPaRR-á-
III-a saPaRRā́- -sPaRRā́- saPaRR-á-
III-e sePeRRḗ- -sPeRRḗ- sePeRR-é-
ma- Prefix
Weakness Realis Irrealis Imperative
Strong maPRáḪ- -maPRáḪ- maPRaḪ-á-
Initial Weak I-w mūRáḪ- -mūRáḪ- mūRaḪ-á-
I-y mīRáḪ- -mīRáḪ- mīRaḪ-á-
I-a māRáḪ- -māRáḪ- māRaḪ-á-
I-e mēRéḪ- -mēRéḪ- mēReḪ-é-
Middle Weak II-w maPū́Ḫ- -mPū́Ḫ- maPūḪ-á-
II-y maPī́Ḫ- -mPī́Ḫ- maPīḪ-á-
II-a maPā́Ḫ- -mPā́Ḫ- maPāḪ-á-
II-e mePḗḪ- -mPḗḪ- mePēḪ-é-
Final Weak III-w maPRū́- -maPRū́- maPR-á-
III-y maPRī́- -maPRī́- maPR-á-
III-a maPaRā́- -maPRā́- maPR-á-
III-e mePRḗ- -mePRḗ- mePR-é-
sa- Prefix + Gemination
Weakness Realis Irrealis Imperative
Strong maPaRRáḪ- -mPaRRáḪ- maPaRRaḪ-á-
Initial Weak I-w muRRáḪ- -muRRáḪ- muRRaḪ-á-
I-y miRRáḪ- -miRRáḪ- miRRaḪ-á-
I-a maRRáḪ- -maRRáḪ- maRRaḪ-á-
I-e meRRéḪ- -meRRéḪ- meRReḪ-é-
Middle Weak II-w maPấḪ- -mPấḪ- maPuḪḪ-á-
II-y maPấḪ- -mPấḪ- maPiḪḪ-á-
II-a maPấḪ- -mPấḪ- maPaḪḪ-á-
II-e mePếḪ- -mPếḪ- mePeḪḪ-é-
Final Weak III-w maPaRRū́- -mPaRRū́- maPaRR-á-
III-y maPaRRī́- -mPaRRī́- maPaRR-á-
III-a maPaRRā́- -mPaRRā́- maPaRR-á-
III-e mePeRRḗ- -mPeRRḗ- mePeRR-é-

Deverbatives

Base
Weakness Abs. (Sg.) Abs. (Pl.) Cons. (Sg.) Cons. (Pl.) Poss. (Sg.) Poss. (Pl.)
Strong PáRḪ-as PaRḪ-ā́ya PáRaḪ PáRḪ-ā PáRḪ-a- PaRḪ-ā́-
Initial Weak PáRḪ-as PaRḪ-ā́ya PáRaḪ PáRḪ-ā PáRḪ-a- PaRḪ-ā́-
Middle Weak Pā́Ḫ-as Pā́Ḫ-ā́ya Pā́Ḫ Pā́Ḫ-ā Pā́Ḫ-a- PāḪ-ā́-
Final Weak Pā́R-as PāR-ā́ya Pā́R Pā́R-ā Pā́R-a- PāR-ā́-
Lengthened
Weakness Abs. (Sg.) Abs. (Pl.) Cons. (Sg.) Cons. (Pl.) Poss. (Sg.) Poss. (Pl.)
Strong PaRā́Ḫ-as PaRāḪ-ā́ya PáRāḪ PáRā́Ḫ-ā PaRā́Ḫ-a- PaRāḪ-ā́-
Initial Weak PaRā́Ḫ-as PaRāḪ-ā́ya PáRāḪ PáRā́Ḫ-ā PaRā́Ḫ-a- PaRāḪ-ā́-
Middle Weak PấḪ-as PâḪ-ā́ya PấḪ PấḪ-ā PấḪ-a- PâḪ-ā́-
Final Weak PaR-ấs PaR-ấya PáRā PáR-â PaR-ấ-
Gemination
Weakness Abs. (Sg.) Abs. (Pl.) Cons. (Sg.) Cons. (Pl.) Poss. (Sg.) Poss. (Pl.)
Strong PáRRaḪ-as PaRRaḪ-ā́ya PáRRaḪ PáRRaḪ-ā PaRRáḪ- PaRRaḪ-ā́-
Initial Weak PáRRaḪ-as PaRRaḪ-ā́ya PáRRaḪ PáRRaḪ-ā PaRRáḪ- PaRRaḪ-ā́-
Middle Weak PáḪḪ-as PaḪḪ-ā́ya Pā́Ḫ Pā́Ḫ-ā PáḪḪ-a PaḪḪ-ā́-
Final Weak PaRR-ấs PaRR-ấya PáRRa PáRR-â PaRR-ấ-

Voice

Case-Role Marking in Secundative Alignment (D=S, R=P, T=separate)
Voice Role/Marking
Nominative Accusative Instrumental
Active (Intransitive) Subject N/A N/A
Active (Monotransitive) Subject Object N/A
Active (Ditransitive) Subject Primary Object Secondary Object
Causative/Instrumental Causer Causee/Instrument Object

Morpheme Chain

Clausal Proclitics Relativizer Tense/Mood Stem Imperative Subject Negation Subject Plural
(2nd and 3rd)
Voice Root
various iC- na-, ta-, ḫa- s(i)-, m(i)- R₁(a)R₂aR₃
R₁(a)R₂uR₃
R₁(a)R₂iR₃ 		-aC- / -ā- various -si -n

Ablaut Classes

Realis Irrealis
Class 1 Transitive a a
Intransitive Dynamic u a
Stative i a
Class 2 Transitive a u
Intransitive Dynamic u u
Stative i i
Class 3 Transitive a a
Intransitive Dynamic u a
Stative i i

Ch'adic

Proto-Č̣aḥdaš consonants
Labial Alveolar Palatal Velar Pharyngeal Glottal
central lateral
Nasal m n ŋ ⟨n̮⟩
Stop fortis p t t͡ɬ ⟨ć⟩ t͡ʃ ⟨č⟩ k ʡ ʔ
emphatic pʼ ⟨ṗ⟩ tʼ ⟨ṭ⟩ t͡ɬʼ ⟨ć̣⟩ t͡ʃʼ ⟨č̣⟩ kʼ ⟨ḳ⟩
lenis b d d͡ɮ ⟨ʒ́⟩ d͡ʒ ⟨ǯ⟩ g
Fricative f s ɬ ⟨ś⟩ ʃ ⟨š⟩ x ⟨ḫ⟩ ħ ⟨ḥ⟩ h
Approximant w j ⟨y⟩
Liquid r l
Proto-Čattaš nouns
Status Absolutus Status Constructus
Singular Plural Singular Plural
Feminine -u -un/-ū -u -ū
Masculine -i -in/-ī -i -ī
Neuter -ar -an/-ā -a -ā
Inanimate -aš

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