User:Bukkia/sandboxVIII: Difference between revisions

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===Negation===
===Negation===
The verbal negation is conveyed by the negative adverb nɔ̄. This adverb is placed ''before'' the verb cluster (<small>thus, before any temporal particles</small>).
The verbal negation is conveyed by the negative adverb nɔ̄h . This adverb is placed ''before'' the verb cluster.


  qon vu̱n h́a̱ qon '''nɔ̄''' vu̱n h́a̱
  χon βu̱n ɑ̀rɛ́ χon '''nɔ̄h''' βu̱n ɑ̀rɛ́
  <small>the dog is sleeping → the dog isn't sleeping</small>
  <small>the dog is sleeping → the dog isn't sleeping</small>


  qon nɔhqɛ̱ṙ ṙy̱n ḿa hō qon nɔhqɛ̱ṙ '''nɔ̄''' ṙy̱n ḿa hō
  χon ḿɑ̌ xø̌w nɔ̀χɛ̱́ χon '''nɔ̄h''' ḿɑ̌ xø̌w nɔ̀χɛ̱́
  <small>the dog had bitten the man → the dog hadn't bitten the man</small>
  <small>the dog had bitten the man → the dog hadn't bitten the man</small>


A ''negative imperative'', conveyed by the prohibitive particle śā, does not need any additional negative particles.
A ''negative imperative'', conveyed by the prohibitive particle šɑ̄, does not need any additional negative particles.


  vu̱n '''śā'''
  '''šɑ̄''' βu̱n
  <small>don't sleep!</small>
  <small>don't sleep!</small>


''Double negatives'' are generally '''''not''' allowed''; the presence of another negative element in the sentence inhibits the negative verb.
''Double negatives'' are generally '''''not''' allowed''; the presence of another negative element in the sentence inhibits the negative verb.

Revision as of 07:04, 2 July 2025

Negation

The verbal negation is conveyed by the negative adverb nɔ̄h . This adverb is placed before the verb cluster.

χon βu̱n ɑ̀rɛ́ → χon nɔ̄h βu̱n ɑ̀rɛ́
the dog is sleeping → the dog isn't sleeping
χon ḿɑ̌ xø̌w nɔ̀χɛ̱́ → χon nɔ̄h ḿɑ̌ xø̌w nɔ̀χɛ̱́
the dog had bitten the man → the dog hadn't bitten the man

A negative imperative, conveyed by the prohibitive particle šɑ̄, does not need any additional negative particles.

šɑ̄ βu̱n
don't sleep!

Double negatives are generally not allowed; the presence of another negative element in the sentence inhibits the negative verb.