User:Bukkia/sandboxVIII: Difference between revisions

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===Negation===
===Negation===
The verbal negation is conveyed by two negative adverbs:
The verbal negation is conveyed by the negative adverb ʔīs. Unlike other adverbs, this adverb is firmly placed ''at the end'' of the clause.


*əjs
ʔaɳīmaḱət́ sopaliə līro → ʔaɳīmaḱət́ sopaliə līro '''ʔīs'''
*əjň
<small>the dog bit the man → The dog didn't bite the man</small>


Despite being essentially synonyms, these two adverbs have strictly different grammatical and syntactical usages.
''Double negatives'' are generally '''''not''' allowed''; the presence of another negative element in the sentence inhibits the negative verb.
 
*əjs in used in main clauses, with either indicative or conditional verbal forms.
*əjň in used mostly in dependent clauses, with any verbal forms. It is also used in main clauses in all imperative constructions.
 
Usage of both adverbs can display exception, which are specifically analysed in the syntactical chapter.
 
Both negative adverbs placed ''after'' the conjugated verbal form, namely ''after'' either the main verb, an auxiliary, or a modal verb, but before other unconjugated verbal forms.
 
ež huve čejun → ež huve čejun əjs
<small>the dog is sleeping → the dog isn't sleeping</small>
 
ež huve pegis čejunəjge → ež huve pegis əjs čejunəjge
<small>the dog can sleep → the dog cannot sleep</small>
 
ɔddo pacco hedduk ež huve čejun → ɔddo pacco hedduk ež huve čejun əjň
<small>I'm sad because the dog is sleeping → I'm sad because the dog isn't sleeping</small>
 
In texts of the earlier period, conversely, the negative adverbs can be firmly placed at the end of the clause. This placement can be still found in modern text when imititating an archaic or extremely formal language.
 
''Double negatives'' are generally '''''allowed''''', and often used.

Revision as of 06:50, 2 July 2025

Negation

The verbal negation is conveyed by the negative adverb ʔīs. Unlike other adverbs, this adverb is firmly placed at the end of the clause. 

ʔaɳīmaḱət́ sopaliə līro → ʔaɳīmaḱət́ sopaliə līro ʔīs
the dog bit the man → The dog didn't bite the man

Double negatives are generally not allowed; the presence of another negative element in the sentence inhibits the negative verb.

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