User:Bukkia/sandboxVIII: Difference between revisions

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===Negation===
===Negation===
The verbal negation is conveyed by the negative verb īsem, whose preterite root is ēs-. In the 3<sup><small>rd</small></sup> persons, only the short forms are used.
The verbal negation is conveyed by the negative adverb î. This adverb is placed before the conjugated verbal form, namely before either the main verb, an auxiliary, or a modal verb.


Within the sentence this verb is conjugated according to the person and the number of its subject and according to the required tense. It has the ''primary infinitive'' of the negated verb as direct object. The different tenses are conveyed by the combinations of the negative verb and the infinitival forms, according to the following patterns:
soβe kôn → soβe î kôn
<small>the dog is sleeping → The dog isn't sleeping</small>


* '''present''': ''present'' primary infinitive + ''present forms'' of īsem
  soβe tòr ánamíɣíðə îrə → soβe î tòr ánamíɣíðə îrə
* '''preterite''': ''present'' primary infinitive + ''preterite forms'' of īsem
* '''perfect''': ''preterite'' primary infinitive + ''present forms'' of īsem
* '''plusquamperfect''': ''preterite'' primary infinitive + ''preteriteforms'' of īsem
* '''future''': ''present'' secondary infinitive + imēhem + ''present forms'' of īsem
* '''anterior future''': ''present'' secondary infinitive + ēmihem + ''present forms'' of īsem
 
These rules do apply in every verbal mood. The moods are conveyed by the negative verb īsem.
 
  sobali līru aňīmašeš → sobali līru ňomīšem ēs
  <small>the dog bit the man → The dog didn't bite the man</small>
  <small>the dog bit the man → The dog didn't bite the man</small>


In classical texts, ''double negatives'' are generally '''''not''' allowed''; the presence of another negative element in the sentence inhibits the negative verb. In the texts of the later period double negatives are increasingly common and accepted.
''Double negatives'' are generally '''''allowed''', and often used.

Revision as of 04:02, 2 July 2025

Negation

The verbal negation is conveyed by the negative adverb î. This adverb is placed before the conjugated verbal form, namely before either the main verb, an auxiliary, or a modal verb. 

soβe kôn → soβe î kôn 
the dog is sleeping → The dog isn't sleeping

soβe tòr ánamíɣíðə îrə → soβe î tòr ánamíɣíðə îrə
the dog bit the man → The dog didn't bite the man

Double negatives are generally allowed, and often used.

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