User:Bukkia/sandboxVIII: Difference between revisions
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There are two different way of negating a root, depending on whether the root is verbal or nominal. | There are two different way of negating a root, depending on whether the root is verbal or nominal. | ||
:1. The negation of a ''verbal root'' is conveyed by the negative verbal root '''ʔiːs-'''. As it is a monosyllabic root, it does not display a perfective counterpart. It has the ''infinitive<sub><small>1</small></sub>'' of the negated verb as direct object. The object of the infinitival form, is, as a rule, declined in the ''ablative'' case. | |||
'''ɬiːroli ʔoːna liːloṕ(æt́) → ɬiːroli ʔoːnaʂu liːloṕæme ʔiːs(æt́)''' | '''ɬiːroli ʔoːna liːloṕ(æt́) → ɬiːroli ʔoːnaʂu liːloṕæme ʔiːs(æt́)''' | ||
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:There is no need to place the augment onto the infinitive<sub><small>1</small></sub>, as it is already placed onto the negative root. However, it can be found on both verbal forms, as a redundant agreement between roots. | :There is no need to place the augment onto the infinitive<sub><small>1</small></sub>, as it is already placed onto the negative root. However, it can be found on both verbal forms, as a redundant agreement between roots. | ||
:2. The negation of a ''nominal root'' is conveyed by the negative adjectival root '''χeːsu'''. This root is placed, as a normal adjective, before every non-verbal root to be negated. | |||
'''pʰuːḱa ʔaloliːṕoɬ → χeːsu pʰuːḱa ʔaloliːṕoɬ''' | '''pʰuːḱa ʔaloliːṕoɬ → χeːsu pʰuːḱa ʔaloliːṕoɬ''' | ||
<small>I saw a person → I did not see a person</small> | <small>I saw a person → I did not see a person</small> | ||
Revision as of 01:51, 2 July 2025
Negation
There are two different way of negating a root, depending on whether the root is verbal or nominal.
- 1. The negation of a verbal root is conveyed by the negative verbal root ʔiːs-. As it is a monosyllabic root, it does not display a perfective counterpart. It has the infinitive1 of the negated verb as direct object. The object of the infinitival form, is, as a rule, declined in the ablative case.
ɬiːroli ʔoːna liːloṕ(æt́) → ɬiːroli ʔoːnaʂu liːloṕæme ʔiːs(æt́) the man sees the woman → the man does not see the woman
- Within the sentence this verb is conjugated according to the person and the number of its subject and according to the required tense, through the augment. The aspectual information is conveyed by the infinitival form, as the negative root has no aspectual counterpart.
ɬiːroli ʔoːna ʔaloliːṕ(æt́) → ɬiːroli ʔoːnaʂu loliːṕæme ʔaʔiːs(æt́) the man saw the woman → the man did not see the woman
- There is no need to place the augment onto the infinitive1, as it is already placed onto the negative root. However, it can be found on both verbal forms, as a redundant agreement between roots.
- 2. The negation of a nominal root is conveyed by the negative adjectival root χeːsu. This root is placed, as a normal adjective, before every non-verbal root to be negated.
pʰuːḱa ʔaloliːṕoɬ → χeːsu pʰuːḱa ʔaloliːṕoɬ I saw a person → I did not see a person
