User:Bukkia/sandboxVIII: Difference between revisions
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This tense is regarded as essentially regular, being the only irregularities in the participial formation. | This tense is regarded as essentially regular, being the only irregularities in the participial formation. | ||
====Subjunctive mood==== | =====Subjunctive mood===== | ||
The '''subjunctive''' mood is mostly used in dependent clauses. | The '''subjunctive''' mood is mostly used in dependent clauses. | ||
In simple tenses, the subjunctive widely features the infix -əβ-, which is placed between the root and the thematic vowels. The infix itself can be undergo alterations in the 3<sup><small>rd</small></sup> singular person, but other normal consonantal dropping or alteration anomalies in the indicative mood do not take place. | In simple tenses, the subjunctive widely features the infix -əβ-, which is placed between the root and the thematic vowels. The infix itself can be undergo alterations in the 3<sup><small>rd</small></sup> singular person, but other normal consonantal dropping or alteration anomalies in the indicative mood do not take place. | ||
====Imperative mood==== | ====Imperative mood==== | ||
Revision as of 05:23, 26 June 2025
Conjugation of regular verbs
Sample verb: morɔr, to see.
Active diathesis
Indicative mood
Present tense
The present is a simple tense. The thematic vowel -o- and the personal endings are added to the verbal roots:
| 1st sing. | |
| 2nd sing. | |
| 3rd sing. | |
| 1st plur. | |
| 2nd plur. | |
| 3rd plur. |
Some verbs display an alteration of the unstressed vowel in the verbal root, usually changing an [o] into an [a]. As an example, the conjugation of the present tense of the verb soβɔr, to know, is shown.
| 1st sing. | |
| 2nd sing. | |
| 3rd sing. | |
| 1st plur. | |
| 2nd plur. | |
| 3rd plur. |
There are, however, a certain amount of irregular verbs in the present tense. These verbs usually add a different thematic vowel from -o-. As an example, the conjugation of the present tense of the verb for, to wash, is shown.
| 1st sing. | |
| 2nd sing. | |
| 3rd sing. | |
| 1st plur. | |
| 2nd plur. | |
| 3rd plur. |
Past tense
The pasat is a simple tense. The thematic vowel -u- and the personal endings are added to the verbal roots:
| 1st sing. | |
| 2nd sing. | |
| 3rd sing. | |
| 1st plur. | |
| 2nd plur. | |
| 3rd plur. |
The 3rd singular person features the null ending, namely the absence of the thematic vowel itself. Thus, irregularities may often occur, like dropping or altering the last root consonant, or nasalizing the remaining vowel.
As an example, the conjugation of the present tense of the verbs imɔr, to be, and zbonɔr, to flee', is shown.
| 1st sing. | ||
| 2nd sing. | ||
| 3rd sing. | ||
| 1st plur. | ||
| 2nd plur. | ||
| 3rd plur. |
There are, however, a certain amount of irregular verbs in the present tense. These verbs usually add a different thematic vowel from -u-. As an example, the conjugation of the present tense of the verb for, to wash, is shown.
| 1st sing. | |
| 2nd sing. | |
| 3rd sing. | |
| 1st plur. | |
| 2nd plur. | |
| 3rd plur. |
Future tense
The future is a simple tense. The future infix -ɔbo- and the personal endings are added to the verbal roots:
| 1st sing. | |
| 2nd sing. | |
| 3rd sing. | |
| 1st plur. | |
| 2nd plur. | |
| 3rd plur. |
Some verbs display an alteration of the unstressed vowel in the verbal root, usually changing an [o] into an [a]. As an example, the conjugation of the present tense of the verb soβɔr, to know, is shown.
| 1st sing. | |
| 2nd sing. | |
| 3rd sing. | |
| 1st plur. | |
| 2nd plur. | |
| 3rd plur. |
There are, however, a certain amount of irregular verbs in the present tense. These verbs usually add a slightly different version of the infix. As an example, the conjugation of the present tense of the verb for, to wash, is shown.
| 1st sing. | |
| 2nd sing. | |
| 3rd sing. | |
| 1st plur. | |
| 2nd plur. | |
| 3rd plur. |
Present continuous tense
The present continuous is a compound tense. It is built with the active present participle of the conjugated verb, declined in number according to the clause subject, and the indicative present forms of the verb imɔr, to be. The participle is always in the accusative case (/meant as its base form):
| 1st sing. | |
| 2nd sing. | |
| 3rd sing. | |
| 1st plur. | |
| 2nd plur. | |
| 3rd plur. |
This tense is regarded as essentially regular, being the only irregularities in the participial formation.
Past continuous tense
The past continuous is a compound tense. It is built with the active present participle of the conjugated verb, declined in number according to the clause subject, and the indicative past forms of the verb imɔr, to be. The participle is always in the accusative case (/meant as its base form):
| 1st sing. | |
| 2nd sing. | |
| 3rd sing. | |
| 1st plur. | |
| 2nd plur. | |
| 3rd plur. |
This tense is regarded as essentially regular, being the only irregularities in the participial formation.
Perfect tense
The perfect is a compound tense. It is built with the active past participle of the conjugated verb, declined in number according to the clause subject, and the indicative present forms of the verb imɔr, to be. The participle is always in the accusative case (/meant as its base form):
| 1st sing. | |
| 2nd sing. | |
| 3rd sing. | |
| 1st plur. | |
| 2nd plur. | |
| 3rd plur. |
This tense is regarded as essentially regular, being the only irregularities in the participial formation.
Pluperfect tense
The pluperfect continuous is a compound tense. It is built with the active past participle of the conjugated verb, declined in number according to the clause subject, and the indicative past forms of the verb imɔr, to be. The participle is always in the accusative case (/meant as its base form):
| 1st sing. | |
| 2nd sing. | |
| 3rd sing. | |
| 1st plur. | |
| 2nd plur. | |
| 3rd plur. |
This tense is regarded as essentially regular, being the only irregularities in the participial formation.
Future continuous tense
The future continuous is a compound tense. It is built with the active present participle of the conjugated verb, declined in number according to the clause subject, and the indicative future forms of the verb imɔr, to be. The participle is always in the accusative case (/meant as its base form):
| 1st sing. | |
| 2nd sing. | |
| 3rd sing. | |
| 1st plur. | |
| 2nd plur. | |
| 3rd plur. |
This tense is regarded as essentially regular, being the only irregularities in the participial formation.
Anterior future tense
The anterior future is a compound tense. It is built with the active future participle of the conjugated verb, declined in number according to the clause subject, and the indicative present forms of the verb imɔr, to be. The participle is always in the accusative case (/meant as its base form):
| 1st sing. | |
| 2nd sing. | |
| 3rd sing. | |
| 1st plur. | |
| 2nd plur. | |
| 3rd plur. |
This tense is regarded as essentially regular, being the only irregularities in the participial formation.
Future in the past tense
The future in the past is a compound tense. It is built with the active future participle of the conjugated verb, declined in number according to the clause subject, and the indicative past forms of the verb imɔr, to be. The participle is always in the accusative case (/meant as its base form):
| 1st sing. | |
| 2nd sing. | |
| 3rd sing. | |
| 1st plur. | |
| 2nd plur. | |
| 3rd plur. |
This tense is regarded as essentially regular, being the only irregularities in the participial formation.
Subjunctive mood
The subjunctive mood is mostly used in dependent clauses.
In simple tenses, the subjunctive widely features the infix -əβ-, which is placed between the root and the thematic vowels. The infix itself can be undergo alterations in the 3rd singular person, but other normal consonantal dropping or alteration anomalies in the indicative mood do not take place.
Imperative mood
The imperative mood is used to convey commands and orders. It is mostly used in main clauses.
It displays only one tense, with specific personal endings. It has no forms either for the 1st singular person, or for the 3rd singular and plural person.
Present tense
The present is a simple tense. The thematic vowel -ū- and the imperative personal endings are added to the verbal roots:
| 1st sing. | |
| 2nd sing. | |
| 3rd sing. | |
| 1st plur. | |
| 2nd plur. | |
| 3rd plur. | |
| pass. |
Non-finite forms
The non-finite verbal forms are:
Infinitive
The infinitive is regarded as the citation form of the verb, and it is not conjugated in person or number. It is marked by the ending -re.
It displays three tenses, present, past, and perfect, formed through the thematic vowels. Each form has a dependent counterpart, formed through the dependent suffix -æv-:
| indicative | |||
| dependent |
The infinitive is a nominal form of a verb. It is used as a verbal noun in sentences, and it can be declined. It is regarded as a class II noun, whose nominative form is identical to the accusative.
Active participle
The active participle displays three tenses: present, past, and perfect. They are formed through the thematic vowels and the participial suffix -θī. Each form has a dependent counterpart, formed through the dependent suffix -æv-:
| indicative | |||
| dependent |
The agentive participle is an adjectival form of a verb. It is linked to nouns which actively perform an action.
As an adjectival form, it displays a complete declension, to agree with the class of the referred noun.
Passive participle
The passive participle displays three tenses: present, past, and perfect. They are formed through the thematic vowels and the participial suffix -ňi. Each form has a dependent counterpart, formed through the dependent suffix -æv-:
| indicative | |||
| dependent |
The passive participle is an adjectival form of a verb. It is linked to nouns which undergo an action, or inactively are in a certain state.
This participle cannot play the role of a verbal passive form. It can only be used as an adjective and it can be used to build relative clauses.
ǧeneho māruňix sārex the woman seen by the man
As an adjectival form, it displays a complete declension, to agree with the class of the referred noun.
