User:Bukkia/sandboxVIII: Difference between revisions

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In simple tenses, the dependent widely features the infix -æv-, which is placed between the root and the thematic vowels.
In simple tenses, the dependent widely features the infix -æv-, which is placed between the root and the thematic vowels.
=====Present tense=====
The '''present''' is a simple tense. The infix -æv-, the thematic vowel -ū- and the personal endings are added to the verbal roots:
{| class="wikitable"
|-
| style="width: 70px;"| ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> sing.</small>'' || style="width: 150px;"| <center>mārævūm</center>
|-
| ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>mārævūt</center>
|-
| ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>mārævū</center>
|-
| ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>mārævūmī</center>
|-
| ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>mārævūtī</center>
|-
| ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>mārævūvī</center>
|-
| ''<small>pass.</small>'' || <center>mārævūkī</center>
|}
=====Imperfect tense=====
The '''imperfect''' is a simple tense. The infix -æv-, the thematic vowel -o- and the personal endings are added to the verbal roots:
{| class="wikitable"
|-
| style="width: 70px;"| ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> sing.</small>'' || style="width: 150px;"| <center>mārævom</center>
|-
| ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>mārævot</center>
|-
| ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>mārævo</center>
|-
| ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>mārævomī</center>
|-
| ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>mārævotī</center>
|-
| ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>mārævovī</center>
|-
| ''<small>pass.</small>'' || <center>mārævokī</center>
|}
=====Past tense=====
The '''past''' is a simple tense. The infix -æv-, the thematic vowel -u- and the personal endings are added to the verbal roots:
{| class="wikitable"
|-
| style="width: 70px;"| ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> sing.</small>'' || style="width: 150px;"| <center>mārævum</center>
|-
| ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>mārævut</center>
|-
| ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>mārævu</center>
|-
| ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>mārævumī</center>
|-
| ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>mārævutī</center>
|-
| ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>mārævuvī</center>
|-
| ''<small>pass.</small>'' || <center>mārævukī</center>
|}
=====Pluperfect tense=====
The '''pluperfect''' is a simple tense. The infix -æv-, the thematic vowel -a- and the personal endings are added to the verbal roots:
{| class="wikitable"
|-
| style="width: 70px;"| ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> sing.</small>'' || style="width: 150px;"| <center>mārævam</center>
|-
| ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>mārævat</center>
|-
| ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>māræva</center>
|-
| ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>mārævamī</center>
|-
| ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>mārævatī</center>
|-
| ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>mārævavī</center>
|-
| ''<small>pass.</small>'' || <center>mārævakī</center>
|}
=====Future tense=====
The '''future''' is a compound tense. It is built with the dependent present infinitive of the conjugated verb, and the dependent present forms of the verb patore, ''to go'', :
{| class="wikitable"
|-
| style="width: 70px;"| ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> sing.</small>'' || style="width: 200px;"| <center>mārævore patævūm</center>
|-
| ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>mārævore patævūt</center>
|-
| ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>mārævore patævū</center>
|-
| ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>mārævore patævūmī</center>
|-
| ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>mārævore patævūtī</center>
|-
| ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>mārævore patævūvī</center>
|-
| ''<small>pass.</small>'' || <center>mārævore patævūkī</center>
|}
=====Anterior future tense=====
The '''anterior future''' is a compound tense. It is built with the dependent past infinitive of the conjugated verb, and the dependent present forms of the verb patore, ''to go'', :
{| class="wikitable"
|-
| style="width: 70px;"| ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> sing.</small>'' || style="width: 200px;"| <center>mārævure patævūm</center>
|-
| ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>mārævure patævūt</center>
|-
| ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>mārævure patævū</center>
|-
| ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>mārævure patævūmī</center>
|-
| ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>mārævure patævūtī</center>
|-
| ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>mārævure patævūvī</center>
|-
| ''<small>pass.</small>'' || <center>mārævure patævūkī</center>
|}
=====Future in the past tense=====
The '''future in the past''' is a compound tense. It is built with the dependent present infinitive of the conjugated verb, and the dependent past forms of the verb patore, ''to go'', :
{| class="wikitable"
|-
| style="width: 70px;"| ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> sing.</small>'' || style="width: 200px;"| <center>mārævore patævum</center>
|-
| ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>mārævore patævut</center>
|-
| ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>mārævore patævu</center>
|-
| ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>mārævore patævumī</center>
|-
| ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>mārævore patævutī</center>
|-
| ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>mārævore patævuvī</center>
|-
| ''<small>pass.</small>'' || <center>mārævore patævukī</center>
|}


====Non-finite forms====
====Non-finite forms====

Revision as of 01:25, 26 June 2025

Conjugation of regular verbs

Sample verb: mārore, to see.

Indicative mood

Present tense

The present is a simple tense. The thematic vowel -ū- and the personal endings are added to the verbal roots:

1st sing.
mārūm
2nd sing.
mārūt
3rd sing.
mārū
1st plur.
mārūmī
2nd plur.
mārūtī
3rd plur.
mārūvī
pass.
mārūkī
Imperfect tense

The imperfect is a simple tense. The thematic vowel -o- and the personal endings are added to the verbal roots:

1st sing.
mārom
2nd sing.
mārot
3rd sing.
māro
1st plur.
māromī
2nd plur.
mārotī
3rd plur.
mārovī
pass.
mārokī
Past tense

The past is a simple tense. The thematic vowel -u- and the personal endings are added to the verbal roots:

1st sing.
mārum
2nd sing.
mārut
3rd sing.
māru
1st plur.
mārumī
2nd plur.
mārutī
3rd plur.
māruvī
pass.
mārukī
Pluperfect tense

The pluperfect is a simple tense. The thematic vowel -a- and the personal endings are added to the verbal roots:

1st sing.
māram
2nd sing.
mārat
3rd sing.
māra
1st plur.
māramī
2nd plur.
māratī
3rd plur.
māravī
pass.
mārakī
Future tense

The future is a compound tense. It is built with the dependent present infinitive of the conjugated verb, and the indicative present forms of the verb patore, to go, :

1st sing.
mārævore patūm
2nd sing.
mārævore patūt
3rd sing.
mārævore patū
1st plur.
mārævore patūmī
2nd plur.
mārævore patūtī
3rd plur.
mārævore patūvī
pass.
mārævore patūkī
Anterior future tense

The anterior future is a compound tense. It is built with the dependent past infinitive of the conjugated verb, and the indicative present forms of the verb patore, to go, :

1st sing.
mārævure patūm
2nd sing.
mārævure patūt
3rd sing.
mārævure patū
1st plur.
mārævure patūmī
2nd plur.
mārævure patūtī
3rd plur.
mārævure patūvī
pass.
mārævure patūkī
Future in the past tense

The future in the past is a compound tense. It is built with the dependent present infinitive of the conjugated verb, and the indicative past forms of the verb patore, to go, :

1st sing.
mārævore patum
2nd sing.
mārævore patut
3rd sing.
mārævore patu
1st plur.
mārævore patumī
2nd plur.
mārævore patutī
3rd plur.
mārævore patuvī
pass.
mārævore patukī

Dependent mood

The dependent mood is mostly used in dependent clauses. Its usage in main clauses is limited, usually when a verbal form is introduced by another verb.

In simple tenses, the dependent widely features the infix -æv-, which is placed between the root and the thematic vowels.

Present tense

The present is a simple tense. The infix -æv-, the thematic vowel -ū- and the personal endings are added to the verbal roots:

1st sing.
mārævūm
2nd sing.
mārævūt
3rd sing.
mārævū
1st plur.
mārævūmī
2nd plur.
mārævūtī
3rd plur.
mārævūvī
pass.
mārævūkī
Imperfect tense

The imperfect is a simple tense. The infix -æv-, the thematic vowel -o- and the personal endings are added to the verbal roots:

1st sing.
mārævom
2nd sing.
mārævot
3rd sing.
mārævo
1st plur.
mārævomī
2nd plur.
mārævotī
3rd plur.
mārævovī
pass.
mārævokī
Past tense

The past is a simple tense. The infix -æv-, the thematic vowel -u- and the personal endings are added to the verbal roots:

1st sing.
mārævum
2nd sing.
mārævut
3rd sing.
mārævu
1st plur.
mārævumī
2nd plur.
mārævutī
3rd plur.
mārævuvī
pass.
mārævukī
Pluperfect tense

The pluperfect is a simple tense. The infix -æv-, the thematic vowel -a- and the personal endings are added to the verbal roots:

1st sing.
mārævam
2nd sing.
mārævat
3rd sing.
māræva
1st plur.
mārævamī
2nd plur.
mārævatī
3rd plur.
mārævavī
pass.
mārævakī
Future tense

The future is a compound tense. It is built with the dependent present infinitive of the conjugated verb, and the dependent present forms of the verb patore, to go, :

1st sing.
mārævore patævūm
2nd sing.
mārævore patævūt
3rd sing.
mārævore patævū
1st plur.
mārævore patævūmī
2nd plur.
mārævore patævūtī
3rd plur.
mārævore patævūvī
pass.
mārævore patævūkī
Anterior future tense

The anterior future is a compound tense. It is built with the dependent past infinitive of the conjugated verb, and the dependent present forms of the verb patore, to go, :

1st sing.
mārævure patævūm
2nd sing.
mārævure patævūt
3rd sing.
mārævure patævū
1st plur.
mārævure patævūmī
2nd plur.
mārævure patævūtī
3rd plur.
mārævure patævūvī
pass.
mārævure patævūkī
Future in the past tense

The future in the past is a compound tense. It is built with the dependent present infinitive of the conjugated verb, and the dependent past forms of the verb patore, to go, :

1st sing.
mārævore patævum
2nd sing.
mārævore patævut
3rd sing.
mārævore patævu
1st plur.
mārævore patævumī
2nd plur.
mārævore patævutī
3rd plur.
mārævore patævuvī
pass.
mārævore patævukī

Non-finite forms

The non-finite verbal forms are:

Infinitive

The infinitive features the following vocalic suffixes:

1st conjug.
2nd conjug.
3rd conjug.
4th conjug.
5th conjug.
-o-
-ü-
-ë-
-ɑ-
(various)

The infinitival ending is added to the vocalic tense suffixes:

1st conjug.
2nd conjug.
3rd conjug.
4th conjug.
5th conjug.
märose
pöħuse
giɕëse
hëhɑse
pɑse

The infinitive is a nominal form of a verb. It is used as a verbal noun in sentences, and it can be declined. It is regarded as a class II noun.

Active participle

The active participle displays four tenses: present, imperfect, past, and future. They are built by adding the participial suffix -ty to the typical vocalic suffix of each tense:

1st conjug.
2nd conjug.
3rd conjug.
4th conjug.
5th conjug.
present
märüty
pöħüty
giɕyty
hëhyty
pöty
imperfect
märoty
pöħoty
giɕëty
hëhɑty
pɑty
past
märɑty
pöħëty
giɕäty
hëhüty
paty
future
märuty
pöħuty
giɕuty
hëhuty
puty

The agentive participle is an adjectival form of a verb. It is linked to nouns which actively perform an action.

As an adjectival form, it displays a complete declension, to agree with the class of the referred noun.

Passive participle

The passive participle displays four tenses: present, imperfect, past, and future. They are built by adding the participial suffix -ňi to the typical vocalic suffix of each tense:

1st conjug.
2nd conjug.
3rd conjug.
4th conjug.
5th conjug.
present
märüňi
pöħüňi
giɕyňi
hëhyňi
pöňi
imperfect
märoňi
pöħoňi
giɕëňi
hëhɑňi
pɑňi
past
märɑňi
pöħëňi
giɕäňi
hëhüňi
paňi
future
märuňi
pöħuňi
giɕuňi
hëhuňi
puňi

The passive participle is an adjectival form of a verb. It is linked to nouns which undergo an action, or inactively are in a certain state.

Despite the lack of a verbal passive form, this participle is the closest form to such role. It can, however, be used only as an adjective and it is often used to build relative clauses, in which the object is the linked noun, and the subject is declined in the agentive case. In the earlier period it is not used in this role. 

henek märɑňi säre
the woman seen by the man

As an adjectival form, it displays a complete declension, to agree with the class of the referred noun.

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