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| =====Anterior future tense===== | | =====Anterior future tense===== |
| The '''anterior future''' tense features the following tense vocalic suffixes (<small>being these the same as the suffixes of the pluperfect tense with an additional -w-</small>): | | The '''anterior future''' is a compound tense. It is built with the dependent past infinitive of the conjugated verb, and the indicative present forms of the verb patore, ''to go'', : |
| | |
| {| class="wikitable" | | {| class="wikitable" |
| |- | | |- |
| | style="width: 70px;"| || style="width: 100px;"| <center><small>''1<sup>st</sup> conjug.''</small></center> || style="width: 100px;"| <center><small>''2<sup>nd</sup> conjug.''</small></center> || style="width: 100px;"| <center><small>''3<sup>rd</sup> conjug.''</small></center> || style="width: 100px;"| <center><small>''4<sup>th</sup> conjug.''</small></center> || style="width: 100px;"| <center><small>''5<sup>th</sup> conjug.''</small></center> | | | style="width: 70px;"| ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> sing.</small>'' || style="width: 200px;"| <center>mārævure patūm</center> |
| |-
| |
| | || <center>-ëw-</center> || <center>-yw-</center> || <center>-öw-</center> || <center>-ëw-</center> || <center>-(<small>''various'')</small>w-</center>
| |
| |}
| |
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| The personal endings are added to the vocalic tense suffixes:
| |
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| {| class="wikitable"
| |
| |- | | |- |
| | style="width: 70px;"| || style="width: 150px;"| <center><small>''1<sup>st</sup> conjug.''</small></center> || style="width: 150px;"| <center><small>''2<sup>nd</sup> conjug.''</small></center> || style="width: 150px;"| <center><small>''3<sup>rd</sup> conjug.''</small></center> || style="width: 150px;"| <center><small>''4<sup>th</sup> conjug.''</small></center> || style="width: 150px;"| <center><small>''5<sup>th</sup> conjug.''</small></center> | | | ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>mārævure patūt</center> |
| |- | | |- |
| | ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>märëwm</center> || <center>pöħywm</center> || <center>giɕöwm</center> || <center>hëhëwm</center> || <center>powm</center> | | | ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>mārævure patū</center> |
| |- | | |- |
| | ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>märëwd</center> || <center>pöħywd</center> || <center>giɕöwd</center> || <center>hëhëwd</center> || <center>powd</center> | | | ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>mārævure patūmī</center> |
| |- | | |- |
| | ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>märëwg</center> || <center>pöħywg</center> || <center>giɕöwg</center> || <center>hëhëwg</center> || <center>powg</center> | | | ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>mārævure patūtī</center> |
| |-
| |
| | ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>märëwmy</center> || <center>pöħywmy</center> || <center>giɕöwmy</center> || <center>hëhëwmy</center> || <center>powmy</center>
| |
| |- | | |- |
| | ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>märëwdy</center> || <center>pöħywdy</center> || <center>giɕöwdy</center> || <center>hëhëwdy</center> || <center>powdy</center> | | | ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>mārævure patūvī</center> |
| |- | | |- |
| | ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>märëwgy</center> || <center>pöħywgy</center> || <center>giɕöwgy</center> || <center>hëhëwgy</center> || <center>powgy</center> | | | ''<small>pass.</small>'' || <center>mārævure patūkī</center> |
| |} | | |} |
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| =====Future in the past tense===== | | =====Future in the past tense===== |
| The '''future in the past''' tense features the following tense vocalic suffixes (<small>being these the same as the suffixes of the past tense with an additional -w-</small>): | | The '''future in the past''' is a compound tense. It is built with the dependent present infinitive of the conjugated verb, and the indicative past forms of the verb patore, ''to go'', : |
| | |
| {| class="wikitable" | | {| class="wikitable" |
| |- | | |- |
| | style="width: 70px;"| || style="width: 100px;"| <center><small>''1<sup>st</sup> conjug.''</small></center> || style="width: 100px;"| <center><small>''2<sup>nd</sup> conjug.''</small></center> || style="width: 100px;"| <center><small>''3<sup>rd</sup> conjug.''</small></center> || style="width: 100px;"| <center><small>''4<sup>th</sup> conjug.''</small></center> || style="width: 100px;"| <center><small>''5<sup>th</sup> conjug.''</small></center> | | | style="width: 70px;"| ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> sing.</small>'' || style="width: 200px;"| <center>mārævore patum</center> |
| |-
| |
| | || <center>-ɑw-</center> || <center>-ëw-</center> || <center>-äw-</center> || <center>-üw-</center> || <center>-(<small>''various'')</small>w-</center>
| |
| |}
| |
| | |
| The personal endings are added to the vocalic tense suffixes:
| |
| | |
| {| class="wikitable"
| |
| |- | | |- |
| | style="width: 70px;"| || style="width: 150px;"| <center><small>''1<sup>st</sup> conjug.''</small></center> || style="width: 150px;"| <center><small>''2<sup>nd</sup> conjug.''</small></center> || style="width: 150px;"| <center><small>''3<sup>rd</sup> conjug.''</small></center> || style="width: 150px;"| <center><small>''4<sup>th</sup> conjug.''</small></center> || style="width: 150px;"| <center><small>''5<sup>th</sup> conjug.''</small></center> | | | ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>mārævore patut</center> |
| |- | | |- |
| | ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>märɑwm</center> || <center>pöħëwm</center> || <center>giɕäwm</center> || <center>hëhüwm</center> || <center>pawm</center> | | | ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>mārævore patu</center> |
| |- | | |- |
| | ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>märɑwd</center> || <center>pöħëwd</center> || <center>giɕäwd</center> || <center>hëhüwd</center> || <center>pawd</center> | | | ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>mārævore patumī</center> |
| |- | | |- |
| | ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>märɑwg</center> || <center>pöħëwg</center> || <center>giɕäwg</center> || <center>hëhüwg</center> || <center>pawg</center> | | | ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>mārævore patutī</center> |
| |-
| |
| | ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>märɑwmy</center> || <center>pöħëwmy</center> || <center>giɕäwmy</center> || <center>hëhüwmy</center> || <center>pawmy</center>
| |
| |- | | |- |
| | ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>märɑwdy</center> || <center>pöħëwdy</center> || <center>giɕäwdy</center> || <center>hëhüwdy</center> || <center>pawdy</center> | | | ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>mārævore patuvī</center> |
| |- | | |- |
| | ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>märɑwgy</center> || <center>pöħëwgy</center> || <center>giɕäwgy</center> || <center>hëhüwgy</center> || <center>pawgy</center> | | | ''<small>pass.</small>'' || <center>mārævore patukī</center> |
| |} | | |} |
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Conjugation of regular verbs
Sample verb: mārore, to see.
Indicative mood
Present tense
The present is a simple tense. The thematic vowel -ū- and the personal endings are added to the verbal roots:
| 1st sing. |
mārūm
|
| 2nd sing. |
mārūt
|
| 3rd sing. |
mārū
|
| 1st plur. |
mārūmī
|
| 2nd plur. |
mārūtī
|
| 3rd plur. |
mārūvī
|
| pass. |
mārūkī
|
Imperfect tense
The imperfect is a simple tense. The thematic vowel -o- and the personal endings are added to the verbal roots:
| 1st sing. |
mārom
|
| 2nd sing. |
mārot
|
| 3rd sing. |
māro
|
| 1st plur. |
māromī
|
| 2nd plur. |
mārotī
|
| 3rd plur. |
mārovī
|
| pass. |
mārokī
|
Past tense
The past is a simple tense. The thematic vowel -u- and the personal endings are added to the verbal roots:
| 1st sing. |
mārum
|
| 2nd sing. |
mārut
|
| 3rd sing. |
māru
|
| 1st plur. |
mārumī
|
| 2nd plur. |
mārutī
|
| 3rd plur. |
māruvī
|
| pass. |
mārukī
|
Pluperfect tense
The pluperfect is a simple tense. The thematic vowel -a- and the personal endings are added to the verbal roots:
| 1st sing. |
māram
|
| 2nd sing. |
mārat
|
| 3rd sing. |
māra
|
| 1st plur. |
māramī
|
| 2nd plur. |
māratī
|
| 3rd plur. |
māravī
|
| pass. |
mārakī
|
Future tense
The future is a compound tense. It is built with the dependent present infinitive of the conjugated verb, and the indicative present forms of the verb patore, to go, :
| 1st sing. |
mārævore patūm
|
| 2nd sing. |
mārævore patūt
|
| 3rd sing. |
mārævore patū
|
| 1st plur. |
mārævore patūmī
|
| 2nd plur. |
mārævore patūtī
|
| 3rd plur. |
mārævore patūvī
|
| pass. |
mārævore patūkī
|
Anterior future tense
The anterior future is a compound tense. It is built with the dependent past infinitive of the conjugated verb, and the indicative present forms of the verb patore, to go, :
| 1st sing. |
mārævure patūm
|
| 2nd sing. |
mārævure patūt
|
| 3rd sing. |
mārævure patū
|
| 1st plur. |
mārævure patūmī
|
| 2nd plur. |
mārævure patūtī
|
| 3rd plur. |
mārævure patūvī
|
| pass. |
mārævure patūkī
|
Future in the past tense
The future in the past is a compound tense. It is built with the dependent present infinitive of the conjugated verb, and the indicative past forms of the verb patore, to go, :
| 1st sing. |
mārævore patum
|
| 2nd sing. |
mārævore patut
|
| 3rd sing. |
mārævore patu
|
| 1st plur. |
mārævore patumī
|
| 2nd plur. |
mārævore patutī
|
| 3rd plur. |
mārævore patuvī
|
| pass. |
mārævore patukī
|
Non-finite forms
The non-finite verbal forms are:
Infinitive
The infinitive features the following vocalic suffixes:
|
1st conjug. |
2nd conjug. |
3rd conjug. |
4th conjug. |
5th conjug.
|
|
-o- |
-ü- |
-ë- |
-ɑ- |
(various)
|
The infinitival ending is added to the vocalic tense suffixes:
|
1st conjug. |
2nd conjug. |
3rd conjug. |
4th conjug. |
5th conjug.
|
|
märose |
pöħuse |
giɕëse |
hëhɑse |
pɑse
|
The infinitive is a nominal form of a verb. It is used as a verbal noun in sentences, and it can be declined. It is regarded as a class II noun.
Active participle
The active participle displays four tenses: present, imperfect, past, and future. They are built by adding the participial suffix -ty to the typical vocalic suffix of each tense:
|
1st conjug. |
2nd conjug. |
3rd conjug. |
4th conjug. |
5th conjug.
|
| present |
märüty |
pöħüty |
giɕyty |
hëhyty |
pöty
|
| imperfect |
märoty |
pöħoty |
giɕëty |
hëhɑty |
pɑty
|
| past |
märɑty |
pöħëty |
giɕäty |
hëhüty |
paty
|
| future |
märuty |
pöħuty |
giɕuty |
hëhuty |
puty
|
The agentive participle is an adjectival form of a verb. It is linked to nouns which actively perform an action.
As an adjectival form, it displays a complete declension, to agree with the class of the referred noun.
Passive participle
The passive participle displays four tenses: present, imperfect, past, and future. They are built by adding the participial suffix -ňi to the typical vocalic suffix of each tense:
|
1st conjug. |
2nd conjug. |
3rd conjug. |
4th conjug. |
5th conjug.
|
| present |
märüňi |
pöħüňi |
giɕyňi |
hëhyňi |
pöňi
|
| imperfect |
märoňi |
pöħoňi |
giɕëňi |
hëhɑňi |
pɑňi
|
| past |
märɑňi |
pöħëňi |
giɕäňi |
hëhüňi |
paňi
|
| future |
märuňi |
pöħuňi |
giɕuňi |
hëhuňi |
puňi
|
The passive participle is an adjectival form of a verb. It is linked to nouns which undergo an action, or inactively are in a certain state.
Despite the lack of a verbal passive form, this participle is the closest form to such role. It can, however, be used only as an adjective and it is often used to build relative clauses, in which the object is the linked noun, and the subject is declined in the agentive case. In the earlier period it is not used in this role.
henek märɑňi säre
the woman seen by the man
As an adjectival form, it displays a complete declension, to agree with the class of the referred noun.
