User:Bukkia/sandboxVIII: Difference between revisions

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| ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>märɑgy</center> || <center>pöħëgy</center> || <center>giɕägy</center> || <center>hëhügy</center> || <center>pagy</center>
| ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>märɑgy</center> || <center>pöħëgy</center> || <center>giɕägy</center> || <center>hëhügy</center> || <center>pagy</center>
|}
=====Pluperfect tense=====
The '''pluperfect''' tense features the following tense vocalic suffixes:
{| class="wikitable"
|-
| style="width: 70px;"| || style="width: 100px;"| <center><small>''1<sup>st</sup> conjug.''</small></center> || style="width: 100px;"| <center><small>''2<sup>nd</sup> conjug.''</small></center> || style="width: 100px;"| <center><small>''3<sup>rd</sup> conjug.''</small></center> || style="width: 100px;"| <center><small>''4<sup>th</sup> conjug.''</small></center> || style="width: 100px;"| <center><small>''5<sup>th</sup> conjug.''</small></center>
|-
| || <center>-ë-</center> || <center>-y-</center> || <center>-ö-</center> || <center>-ë-</center> || <center>(<small>''various'')</small></center>
|}
The personal endings are added to the vocalic tense suffixes:
{| class="wikitable"
|-
| style="width: 70px;"| || style="width: 150px;"| <center><small>''1<sup>st</sup> conjug.''</small></center> || style="width: 150px;"| <center><small>''2<sup>nd</sup> conjug.''</small></center> || style="width: 150px;"| <center><small>''3<sup>rd</sup> conjug.''</small></center> || style="width: 150px;"| <center><small>''4<sup>th</sup> conjug.''</small></center> || style="width: 150px;"| <center><small>''5<sup>th</sup> conjug.''</small></center>
|-
| ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>märëm</center> || <center>pöħym</center> || <center>giɕöm</center> || <center>hëhëm</center> || <center>pom</center>
|-
| ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>märëd</center> || <center>pöħyd</center> || <center>giɕöd</center> || <center>hëhëd</center> || <center>pod</center>
|-
| ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>märëg</center> || <center>pöħyg</center> || <center>giɕög</center> || <center>hëhëg</center> || <center>pog</center>
|-
| ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>märëmy</center> || <center>pöħymy</center> || <center>giɕömy</center> || <center>hëhëmy</center> || <center>pomy</center>
|-
| ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>märëdy</center> || <center>pöħydy</center> || <center>giɕödy</center> || <center>hëhëdy</center> || <center>pody</center>
|-
| ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>märëgy</center> || <center>pöħygy</center> || <center>giɕögy</center> || <center>hëhëgy</center> || <center>pogy</center>
|}
|}


Revision as of 10:05, 25 June 2025

Conjugation of regular verbs

Sample verbs: märose, to see (1st conjugation), pöħuse, to establish (2nd conjugation), giɕëse, to pretend (3rd conjugation), hëhɑse, to happen, to occur (4th conjugation), pɑse, to shine (5th conjugation).

Each conjugation features a typical identifying thematic vowel, which, however, do not recur in the different tenses:

1st conjugation:
-o-
2nd conjugation:
-u-
3rd conjugation:
-ë-
4th conjugation:
-ɑ-
5th conjugation:
-

The fifth conjugation is regarded as inherently irregular and features no typical thematic vowel. All verbs belonging to this conjugation are irregularly conjugated. The following example for this conjugation is only for illustrative purpose and cannot be taken as a proper conjugation template.

Indicative mood

Present tense

The present tense features the following tense vocalic suffixes:

1st conjug.
2nd conjug.
3rd conjug.
4th conjug.
5th conjug.
-ü-
-ü-
-y-
-y-
(various)

The personal endings are added to the vocalic tense suffixes:

1st conjug.
2nd conjug.
3rd conjug.
4th conjug.
5th conjug.
1st sing.
märüm
pöħüm
giɕym
hëhym
pöm
2nd sing.
märüd
pöħüd
giɕyd
hëhyd
pöd
3rd sing.
märüg
pöħüg
giɕyg
hëhyg
pög
1st plur.
märümy
pöħümy
giɕymy
hëhymy
pömy
2nd plur.
märüdy
pöħüdy
giɕydy
hëhydy
pödy
3rd plur.
märügy
pöħügy
giɕygy
hëhygy
pögy
Imperfect tense

The imperfect tense features the following tense vocalic suffixes:

1st conjug.
2nd conjug.
3rd conjug.
4th conjug.
5th conjug.
-o-
-o-
-ë-
-ɑ-
(various)

The personal endings are added to the vocalic tense suffixes:

1st conjug.
2nd conjug.
3rd conjug.
4th conjug.
5th conjug.
1st sing.
märom
pöħom
giɕëm
hëhɑm
pɑm
2nd sing.
märod
pöħod
giɕëd
hëhɑd
pɑd
3rd sing.
märog
pöħog
giɕëg
hëhɑg
pɑg
1st plur.
märomy
pöħomy
giɕëmy
hëhɑmy
pɑmy
2nd plur.
märody
pöħody
giɕëdy
hëhɑdy
pɑdy
3rd plur.
märogy
pöħogy
giɕëgy
hëhɑgy
pɑgy
Past tense

The past tense features the following tense vocalic suffixes:

1st conjug.
2nd conjug.
3rd conjug.
4th conjug.
5th conjug.
-ɑ-
-ë-
-ä-
-ü-
(various)

The personal endings are added to the vocalic tense suffixes:

1st conjug.
2nd conjug.
3rd conjug.
4th conjug.
5th conjug.
1st sing.
märɑm
pöħëm
giɕäm
hëhüm
pam
2nd sing.
märɑd
pöħëd
giɕäd
hëhüd
pad
3rd sing.
märɑg
pöħëg
giɕäg
hëhüg
pag
1st plur.
märɑmy
pöħëmy
giɕämy
hëhümy
pamy
2nd plur.
märɑdy
pöħëdy
giɕädy
hëhüdy
pady
3rd plur.
märɑgy
pöħëgy
giɕägy
hëhügy
pagy
Pluperfect tense

The pluperfect tense features the following tense vocalic suffixes:

1st conjug.
2nd conjug.
3rd conjug.
4th conjug.
5th conjug.
-ë-
-y-
-ö-
-ë-
(various)

The personal endings are added to the vocalic tense suffixes:

1st conjug.
2nd conjug.
3rd conjug.
4th conjug.
5th conjug.
1st sing.
märëm
pöħym
giɕöm
hëhëm
pom
2nd sing.
märëd
pöħyd
giɕöd
hëhëd
pod
3rd sing.
märëg
pöħyg
giɕög
hëhëg
pog
1st plur.
märëmy
pöħymy
giɕömy
hëhëmy
pomy
2nd plur.
märëdy
pöħydy
giɕödy
hëhëdy
pody
3rd plur.
märëgy
pöħygy
giɕögy
hëhëgy
pogy

Non-finite forms

The non-finite verbal forms are:

Infinitive

It is regarded as the citation form of the verb, and it is not conjugated in person or number. It is marked by the ending -əme. It distinguishes four forms

māḱekəme
ʂetenəme
imperfective present
māḱekəme
ʂetenəme
imperfective past
ʔamāḱekəme
ʔaʂetenəme
perfective present
meḱākəme
ʂeteniəkəme
perfective past
ʔameḱākəme
ʔaʂeteniəkəme

The infinitive is a nominal form of a verb. It is used as a verbal noun in sentences, and it can be declined. It is regarded as a class II noun.

Participle

There are two participial forms, the active participle and the passive participle. As they are adjectival forms, they are both declined as such, while also displaying four forms, differing in aspect and tense.

The active participle is formed through the ending -īto, while the passive participle through the ending -əwkiə:

active participle
māḱekəme
ʂetenəme
imperfective present
māḱekīto
ʂetenīto
imperfective past
ʔamāḱekīto
ʔaʂetenīto
perfective present
meḱākīto
ʂeteniəkīto
perfective past
ʔameḱākīto
ʔaʂeteniəkīto
passive participle
māḱekəme
ʂetenəme
imperfective present
māḱekəwkiə
ʂetenəwkiə
imperfective past
ʔamāḱekəwkiə
ʔaʂetenəwkiə
perfective present
meḱākəwkiə
ʂeteniəkəwkiə
perfective past
ʔameḱākəwkiə
ʔaʂeteniəkəwkiə

The active participle is an adjectival form of a verb. It is linked to nouns which actively perform an action. As an adjectival form, it displays a complete declension, to agree with the class of the referred noun

The passive participle is an adjectival form of a verb. It is linked to nouns which undergo an action, or inactively are in a certain state. As an adjectival form, it displays a complete declension, to agree with the class of the referred noun.

Both participial forms are widely used in relative clauses building.

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