User:Bukkia/sandboxVIII: Difference between revisions
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| style="width: 70px;"| || style="width: 140px;"| <center><small>''tòram''</small></center> || style="width: 140px;"| <center><small>''kiɣam''</small></center> | | style="width: 70px;"| || style="width: 140px;"| <center><small>''tòram''</small></center> || style="width: 140px;"| <center><small>''kiɣam''</small></center> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center> | | ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>áðàsò</center> || <center>áɣiɣasò</center> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center> | | ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>áðàsəh</center> || <center>áɣjâh</center> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center> | | ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>áðàs</center> || <center>áɣjàɣ</center> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center> | | ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>áðàsô</center> || <center>áɣiɣasô</center> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center> | | ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>áðàsôh</center> || <center>áɣiɣasôh</center> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center> | | ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>áðâs</center> || <center>áɣjâɣ</center> | ||
|} | |} | ||
The usages | The conditional imperfect tense conveys its meanings in the past and in the near future of a past event. It has also diverse usages in the dependent clauses | ||
======Preterite tense====== | ======Preterite tense====== | ||
The '''preterite''' is a compound tense. It is built with the | The '''preterite''' is a compound tense. It is built with the conditional present forms of the verb tòram, ''to have'', with the active past participle of the conjugated verb: | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="width: 70px;"| ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> sing.</small>'' || style="width: 150px;"| <center> | | style="width: 70px;"| ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> sing.</small>'' || style="width: 150px;"| <center>tàsò áránosíðə</center> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center> | | ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>tàsəh áránosíðə</center> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center> | | ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>tàs áránosíðə</center> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center> | | ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>tàsô áránosíðə</center> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center> | | ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>tàsôh áránosíðə</center> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center> | | ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>tâs áránosíðə</center> | ||
|} | |} | ||
This tense in regarded as essentially regular, being the only irregularities in the participial formation. | This tense in regarded as essentially regular, being the only irregularities in the participial formation. | ||
The usages of the | The usages of the conditional preterite tense are essentially limited to dependent clauses. | ||
======Plusquamperfect tense====== | ======Plusquamperfect tense====== | ||
Revision as of 04:47, 16 June 2025
Conditional mood
The conditional mood is used to convey wish and probability. It is regularly used both in main and dependent clauses.
In simple tenses, the subjunctive widely features the infix -as-, which is placed between the root and the personal endings. Thus, other normal consonantal dropping or alteration anomalies in the indicative mood do not take place.
Present tense
The present is a simple tense. The infix -as- and the personal endings are added to the verbal roots:
| 1st sing. | |
| 2nd sing. | |
| 3rd sing. | |
| 1st plur. | |
| 2nd plur. | |
| 3rd plur. |
Forms in the conditional tend to be more regular than their counterparts in the indicative mood. There are, however, a limited amount of verbs with irregular subjunctive forms. Among these verbs the conjugation of the auxiliary verbs tòram, to have, and kiɣam, to come, is shown:
| 1st sing. | ||
| 2nd sing. | ||
| 3rd sing. | ||
| 1st plur. | ||
| 2nd plur. | ||
| 3rd plur. |
The conditional present tense conveys its meanings in the present and in the near future. It has also diverse usages in the dependent clauses
Imperfect tense
The imperfect is a simple tense. The infix -as-, the personal endings and the augment, -á-, are added to the verbal roots:
| 1st sing. | |
| 2nd sing. | |
| 3rd sing. | |
| 1st plur. | |
| 2nd plur. | |
| 3rd plur. |
Most irregularities occur in the verbal root, due to the augment. The augment prefix can merge with the verbal root, with possible prominent alterations, resulting in a sort of a past root, different from the basic verbal root. As an example, the verbs íméham, to go, and lîβam, to see:
| 1st sing. | ||
| 2nd sing. | ||
| 3rd sing. | ||
| 1st plur. | ||
| 2nd plur. | ||
| 3rd plur. |
Among the irregulatr verbs the conjugation of the auxiliary verbs tòram, to have, and kiɣam, to come, is shown:
| 1st sing. | ||
| 2nd sing. | ||
| 3rd sing. | ||
| 1st plur. | ||
| 2nd plur. | ||
| 3rd plur. |
The conditional imperfect tense conveys its meanings in the past and in the near future of a past event. It has also diverse usages in the dependent clauses
Preterite tense
The preterite is a compound tense. It is built with the conditional present forms of the verb tòram, to have, with the active past participle of the conjugated verb:
| 1st sing. | |
| 2nd sing. | |
| 3rd sing. | |
| 1st plur. | |
| 2nd plur. | |
| 3rd plur. |
This tense in regarded as essentially regular, being the only irregularities in the participial formation.
The usages of the conditional preterite tense are essentially limited to dependent clauses.
Plusquamperfect tense
The plusquamperfect is a compound tense. It is built with the subjunctive imperfect forms of the verb tòram, to have, with the active past participle of the conjugated verb:
| 1st sing. | |
| 2nd sing. | |
| 3rd sing. | |
| 1st plur. | |
| 2nd plur. | |
| 3rd plur. |
This tense in regarded as essentially regular, being the only irregularities in the participial formation.
The usages of the subjunctive plusquamperfect tense are essentially limited to dependent clauses, where they can, however, be very diverse.
Future tense
The future is a compound tense. It is built with the subjunctive present forms of the verb kiɣam, to come, with the present infinitive of the conjugated verb:
| 1st sing. | |
| 2nd sing. | |
| 3rd sing. | |
| 1st plur. | |
| 2nd plur. | |
| 3rd plur. |
This tense in regarded as essentially regular.
The usages of the subjunctive future tense are essentially limited to dependent clauses, where they can, however, be very diverse.
Anterior future tense
The anterior future is a compound tense. It is built with the subjunctive present forms of the verb kiɣam, to come, with the imperfect infinitive of the conjugated verb:
| 1st sing. | |
| 2nd sing. | |
| 3rd sing. | |
| 1st plur. | |
| 2nd plur. | |
| 3rd plur. |
This tense in regarded as essentially regular.
The usages of the subjunctive anterior future tense are essentially limited to dependent clauses, and in sporadic cases.
Future in the past tense
The future in the past is a compound tense. It is built with the subjunctive imperfect forms of the verb kiɣam, to come, with the present infinitive of the conjugated verb:
| 1st sing. | |
| 2nd sing. | |
| 3rd sing. | |
| 1st plur. | |
| 2nd plur. | |
| 3rd plur. |
This tense in regarded as essentially regular.
The usages of the subjunctive future in the past tense are essentially limited to dependent clauses, and in very sporadic cases.
