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Subjunctive mood

The subjunctive mood is mostly used in dependent clauses, in the so-called personal constructional. It usage in main clauses is quite limited, except for its role as an imperative form. It can also convey exhortation or wish.

In simple tenses, the subjunctive widely features the infix -in-, which is placed between the root and the personal endings. Thus, other normal consonantal dropping or alteration anomalies in the indicative mood do not take place.

Present tense

The present is a simple tense. The infix -in- and the personal endings are added to the verbal roots:

1st sing.	ránosinò
2nd sing.	ránosinəh
3rd sing.	ránosin
1st plur.	ránosinonò
2nd plur.	ránosinonəh
3rd plur.	ránosinon

Forms in the subjunctive tend to be more regular than their counterparts in the indicative mood. There are, however, a limited amount of verbs with irregular subjunctive forms. Among these verbs the conjugation of the auxiliary verbs tòram, to have, and kiɣam, to come, is shown:

	tòram	kiɣam
1st sing.	tìnò	kiɣinò
2nd sing.	tìnəh	kinîh
3rd sing.	tìn	kìɣin
1st plur.	tìnô	kiɣinô
2nd plur.	tìnôh	kiɣinôh
3rd plur.	tîn	kîɣin

Usages of the subjuntive present forms in the dependent clause are diverse. As an imperative, only the 2^nd person forms are used, while other forms have an exhortative value. The sense of wish is conveyed only in the 3^rd person.

Imperfect tense

The imperfect is a simple tense. The infix -in-, the personal endings and the augment, -á-, are added to the verbal roots:

1st sing.	áránosinò
2nd sing.	áránosinəh
3rd sing.	áránosin
1st plur.	áránosinonò
2nd plur.	áránosinonəh
3rd plur.	áránosinon

Most irregularities occur in the verbal root, due to the augment. The augment prefix can merge with the verbal root, with possible prominent alterations, resulting in a sort of a past root, different from the basic verbal root. As an example, the verbs íméham, to go, and lîβam, to see:

	íméham	lîβam
1st sing.	ěmehinò	êβinò
2nd sing.	ěméhinəh	êβinéh
3rd sing.	ěméhin	êβin
1st plur.	ěméhinonò	êβinonò
2nd plur.	ěméhinonəh	êβinonəh
3rd plur.	ěméhinon	êβinon

Among the irregulatr verbs the conjugation of the auxiliary verbs tòram, to have, and kiɣam, to come, is shown:

	tòram	kiɣam
1st sing.	áðìnò	áɣiɣinò
2nd sing.	áðìnəh	áɣinîh
3rd sing.	áðìn	áɣìɣin
1st plur.	áðìnô	áɣiɣinô
2nd plur.	áðìnôh	áɣiɣinôh
3rd plur.	áðîn	áɣîɣin

The usages of the subjunctive imperfect tense are essentially limited to dependent clauses, where they can, however, be very diverse.

Preterite tense

The preterite is a compound tense. It is built with the subjunctive present forms of the verb tòram, to have, with the active past participle of the conjugated verb:

1st sing.	tìnò áránosíðə
2nd sing.	tìnəh áránosíðə
3rd sing.	tìn áránosíðə
1st plur.	tìnô áránosíðə
2nd plur.	tìnôh áránosíðə
3rd plur.	tîn áránosíðə

This tense in regarded as essentially regular, being the only irregularities in the participial formation.

The usages of the subjunctive preterite tense are essentially limited to dependent clauses, where they can, however, be very diverse.

Plusquamperfect tense

The plusquamperfect is a compound tense. It is built with the subjunctive imperfect forms of the verb tòram, to have, with the active past participle of the conjugated verb:

1st sing.	áðìnò áránosíðə
2nd sing.	áðìnəh áránosíðə
3rd sing.	áðìn áránosíðə
1st plur.	áðìnô áránosíðə
2nd plur.	áðìnôh áránosíðə
3rd plur.	áðîn áránosíðə

This tense in regarded as essentially regular, being the only irregularities in the participial formation.

The usages of the subjunctive plusquamperfect tense are essentially limited to dependent clauses, where they can, however, be very diverse.

Future tense

The future is a compound tense. It is built with the subjunctive present forms of the verb kiɣam, to come, with the present infinitive of the conjugated verb:

1st sing.	kiɣinò ránosam
2nd sing.	kinîh ránosam
3rd sing.	kìɣin ránosam
1st plur.	kiɣinô ránosam
2nd plur.	kiɣinôh ránosam
3rd plur.	kîɣin ránosam

This tense in regarded as essentially regular.

The usages of the subjunctive future tense are essentially limited to dependent clauses, where they can, however, be very diverse.

Anterior future tense

The anterior future is a compound tense. It is built with the subjunctive present forms of the verb kiɣam, to come, with the imperfect infinitive of the conjugated verb:

1st sing.	kiɣinò áránosam
2nd sing.	kinîh áránosam
3rd sing.	kìɣin áránosam
1st plur.	kiɣinô áránosam
2nd plur.	kiɣinôh áránosam
3rd plur.	kîɣin áránosam

This tense in regarded as essentially regular.

The usages of the subjunctive anterior future tense are essentially limited to dependent clauses, and in sporadic cases.

Future in the past tense

The future in the past is a compound tense. It is built with the subjunctive imperfect forms of the verb kiɣam, to come, with the present infinitive of the conjugated verb:

1st sing.	áɣiɣinò ránosam
2nd sing.	áɣinîh ránosam
3rd sing.	áɣìɣin ránosam
1st plur.	áɣiɣinô ránosam
2nd plur.	áɣiɣinôh ránosam
3rd plur.	áɣîɣin ránosam

This tense in regarded as essentially regular.

The usages of the subjunctive future in the past tense are essentially limited to dependent clauses, and in very sporadic cases.