User:Bukkia/sandboxVIII: Difference between revisions

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==Verbs==
==Verbs==
The verbal system of Foħθīrix language displays the following features:
The verbal system of Cažorih language displays the following features:


*'''tense''':
*'''tense''':
**''simple tenses'': present, imperfect, past, perfect, pluperfect
**''simple tenses'': present, past, future
**''compound tenses'': future, anterior future, future in the past
**''compound tenses'': continuous present, continuous past, perfect, pluperfect, continuous future, anterior future, future in the past
*'''mood''':
*'''mood''':
**''definite moods'': indicative, dependent, imperative
**''definite moods'': indicative, subjunctive, imperative
**''indefinite moods'': infinitive, active participle, passive participle
**''indefinite moods'': infinitive, active participle, passive participleù
*'''diathesis''': active, passive


The simple tenses are distinguished by a typical vowel, while compound tenses are formed with the verb patore, ''to go'', as an auxiliary verb, and an infinitival form.
The simple tenses are distinguished by a typical vowel, while compound tenses are formed with the verb imɔr, ''to be'', as an auxiliary verb, and a participial form.


The citation form of verbs is the present infinitive, marked by the ending -ore. From such form the present verbal root can be inferred and can be changed in every other verbal form.  
The citation form of verbs is the present infinitive, marked by the ending -ɔr. From such form the verbal root can be inferred and can be changed in every other verbal form.  


The following personal endings are then added to the root in the definite moods. In this way, verbs show their agreement with the clause subject in person and number:  
The following personal endings are then added to the root in the definite moods. In this way, verbs show their agreement with the clause subject in person and number:  
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{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|-
| style="width: 70px;"| ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> sing.</small>'' || style="width: 90px;"| <center>''<small>indicative/dependent<small>''</center> || style="width: 90px;"| <center>''<small>imperative<small>''</center>
| style="width: 70px;"| ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> sing.</small>'' || style="width: 90px;"| <center>''<small>indicative/subjunctive<small>''</center> || style="width: 90px;"| <center>''<small>imperative<small>''</center>
|-
|-
| ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>-m</center> ||
| ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>-̃</center> ||
|-
|-
| ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>-t</center> || <center>-to</center>
| ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>-h</center> || <center>-dɔ</center>
|-
|-
| ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>-</center> ||
| ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>-</center> || <center>-dɔ</center>
|-
|-
| ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>-mī</center> || <center>-mīto</center>
| ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>-xi</center> || <center>-xidɔ</center>
|-
|-
| ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>-tī</center> || <center>-tīto</center>
| ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>-dī</center> || <center>-didɔ</center>
|-
|-
| ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>-vī</center> ||
| ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>-βi</center> || <center>-βidɔ</center>
|-
| ''<small>pass.</small>'' || <center>-kī</center> || <center>-kīto</center>
|}
|}


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The non-finite endings are:
The non-finite endings are:
*''infinitive'': -re
*''infinitive'': -r
*''agentive participle'': -θī
*''active participle'': -ex/-ux
*''passive participle'': -ňi
*''passive participle'': -nix
 
The infinitival form is meant as a class II noun.

Revision as of 10:03, 13 June 2025

Verbs

The verbal system of Cažorih language displays the following features:

  • tense:
    • simple tenses: present, past, future
    • compound tenses: continuous present, continuous past, perfect, pluperfect, continuous future, anterior future, future in the past
  • mood:
    • definite moods: indicative, subjunctive, imperative
    • indefinite moods: infinitive, active participle, passive participleù
  • diathesis: active, passive

The simple tenses are distinguished by a typical vowel, while compound tenses are formed with the verb imɔr, to be, as an auxiliary verb, and a participial form.

The citation form of verbs is the present infinitive, marked by the ending -ɔr. From such form the verbal root can be inferred and can be changed in every other verbal form.

The following personal endings are then added to the root in the definite moods. In this way, verbs show their agreement with the clause subject in person and number:

1st sing.
indicative/subjunctive
imperative
1st sing.
-̃
2nd sing.
-h
-dɔ
3rd sing.
-
-dɔ
1st plur.
-xi
-xidɔ
2nd plur.
-dī
-didɔ
3rd plur.
-βi
-βidɔ

The endings labelled as “passive/impersonal” (pass.) is regarded as a separated person and it is discussed and explained in a following chapter.

The non-finite verbal forms are meant as nominal/adjectival forms of the same verbs. They do not add the personal endings, but they are declined as nouns or adjectives with the nominal declension endings.

As verbal forms, however, they can be built on the various temporal forms.

The non-finite endings are:

  • infinitive: -r
  • active participle: -ex/-ux
  • passive participle: -nix
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