User:Bukkia/sandboxVIII: Difference between revisions

From FrathWiki
Jump to navigationJump to search
No edit summary
No edit summary
Line 1: Line 1:
==Verbs==
==Verbs==
The verbal system of Nämty language displays the following features:
The verbal system of Foħθīrix language displays the following features:


*'''tense''':
*'''tense''':
**present, imperfect, past, pluperfect, future, anterior future, future in the past
**''simple tenses'': present, imperfect, past, perfect, pluperfect
**''compound tenses'': future, anterior future, future in the past
*'''mood''':
*'''mood''':
**''definite moods'': indicative
**''definite moods'': indicative, dependent, imperative
**''indefinite moods'': infinitive, active participle, passive participle
**''indefinite moods'': infinitive, active participle, passive participle


The different tenses are distinguished by a typical ''thematic vowel''. All these vowel patters divide all verbs in 5 groups, called ''conjugations''.
The simple tenses are distinguished by a typical vowel, while compound tenses are formed with the verb patore, ''to go'', as an auxiliary verb, and an infinitival form.


The citation form of verbs is the present infinitive, marked by different endings, depending on the conjugation. These endings, thus, mark the conjugation, which a verb belongs to. From such form the verbal root can be inferred and can be changed in every other verbal form.
The citation form of verbs is the present infinitive, marked by the ending -ore. From such form the present verbal root can be inferred and can be changed in every other verbal form.  


The following personal endings are then added to the root in the indicative mood. In this way, verbs show their agreement with the clause subject in person and number:  
The following personal endings are then added to the root in the definite moods. In this way, verbs show their agreement with the clause subject in person and number:  


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|-
| style="width: 70px;"| ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> sing.</small>'' || style="width: 70px;"| <center>-m</center>
| style="width: 70px;"| ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> sing.</small>'' || style="width: 90px;"| <center>''<small>indicative/dependent<small>''</center> || style="width: 90px;"| <center>''<small>imperative<small>''</center>
|-
|-
| ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>-d</center>
| ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>-m</center> ||
|-
|-
| ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>-g</center>
| ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>-t</center> || <center>-to</center>
|-
|-
| ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>-my</center>
| ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>-</center> ||
|-
|-
| ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>-dy</center>
| ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>-mī</center> || <center>-mīto</center>
|-
|-
| ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>-gy</center>
| ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>-tī</center> || <center>-tīto</center>
|-
| ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>-vī</center> ||
|-
| ''<small>pass.</small>'' || <center>-kī</center> || <center>-kīto</center>
|}
|}
The endings labelled as “''passive/impersonal''” (<small>''pass.''</small>) is regarded as a separated person and it is discussed and explained in a following chapter.


The non-finite verbal forms are meant as nominal/adjectival forms of the same verbs. They do not add the personal endings, but they are declined as nouns or adjectives with the nominal declension endings.
The non-finite verbal forms are meant as nominal/adjectival forms of the same verbs. They do not add the personal endings, but they are declined as nouns or adjectives with the nominal declension endings.


As verbal forms can, however, be formed the various temporal forms. The infinitive is regarded as an invariable form in tense.
As verbal forms they can, however, be formed on the various temporal forms.


The non-finite endings are:
The non-finite endings are:
*''infinitive'': -se
*''infinitive'': -re
*''agentive participle'': -ty
*''agentive participle'': -θī
*''passive participle'': -ňi
*''passive participle'': -ňi


The infinitival form is meant as a class II noun.
The infinitival form is meant as a class II noun.

Revision as of 09:50, 13 June 2025

Verbs

The verbal system of Foħθīrix language displays the following features:

  • tense:
    • simple tenses: present, imperfect, past, perfect, pluperfect
    • compound tenses: future, anterior future, future in the past
  • mood:
    • definite moods: indicative, dependent, imperative
    • indefinite moods: infinitive, active participle, passive participle

The simple tenses are distinguished by a typical vowel, while compound tenses are formed with the verb patore, to go, as an auxiliary verb, and an infinitival form.

The citation form of verbs is the present infinitive, marked by the ending -ore. From such form the present verbal root can be inferred and can be changed in every other verbal form.

The following personal endings are then added to the root in the definite moods. In this way, verbs show their agreement with the clause subject in person and number:

1st sing.
indicative/dependent
imperative
1st sing.
-m
2nd sing.
-t
-to
3rd sing.
-
1st plur.
-mī
-mīto
2nd plur.
-tī
-tīto
3rd plur.
-vī
pass.
-kī
-kīto

The endings labelled as “passive/impersonal” (pass.) is regarded as a separated person and it is discussed and explained in a following chapter.

The non-finite verbal forms are meant as nominal/adjectival forms of the same verbs. They do not add the personal endings, but they are declined as nouns or adjectives with the nominal declension endings.

As verbal forms they can, however, be formed on the various temporal forms.

The non-finite endings are:

  • infinitive: -re
  • agentive participle: -θī
  • passive participle: -ňi

The infinitival form is meant as a class II noun.

Retrieved from "http://www.frathwiki.com/index.php?title=User:Bukkia/sandboxVIII&oldid=171589"