User:Bukkia/sandboxVIII: Difference between revisions
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*'''diathesis''': active, passive | *'''diathesis''': active, passive | ||
Past tenses are mostly marked by the prefix á-, known as ''augment'', while non-past forms are unmarked. Conversely, the augment can be found also in the anterior future and in the future in the past tenses. | |||
The citation form of verbs is the present infinitive, marked by the ending -am. From such form the verbal root can be inferred and can be changed in every other verbal form. | The citation form of verbs is the present infinitive, marked by the ending -am. From such form the verbal root can be inferred and can be changed in every other verbal form. | ||
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The different moods are formed by adding the following infixes to the verbal root, before the personal endings: | Compound tenses are usually formed through an auxiliary verb (tòram, ''to have'', or kiɣam, ''to come'') with the forms of the participles or the infinitive. The different moods are formed by adding the following infixes to the verbal root, before the personal endings: | ||
*''indicative'': Ø | *''indicative'': Ø | ||
*''subjunctive'': - | *''subjunctive'': -in- | ||
*''conditional'': - | *''conditional'': -as- | ||
The non-finite verbal forms are meant as nominal/adjectival forms of the same verbs. They do not add the personal endings, but they are declined as nouns or adjectives with the nominal declension endings. | The non-finite verbal forms are meant as nominal/adjectival forms of the same verbs. They do not add the personal endings, but they are declined as nouns or adjectives with the nominal declension endings. | ||
As verbal forms can, however, | As verbal forms can, however, take the augment. They can also add the modal infixes before their typical endings. | ||
The non-finite endings are: | The non-finite endings are: | ||
*''infinitive'': - | *''infinitive'': -am | ||
*''agentive participle'': - | *''agentive participle'': -íðə | ||
*''passive participle'': - | *''passive participle'': -uɣi | ||
The infinitival form is meant as a 2<sup>nd</sup> class noun. | The infinitival form is meant as a 2<sup>nd</sup> class noun. | ||
Revision as of 07:08, 9 June 2025
Verbs
The verbal system of Iðâɣ language displays the following features:
- tense:
- simple tenses: present, imperfect
- compound tenses: preterite, plusquamperfect, future, anterior future, future in the past
- mood:
- definite moods: indicative, subjunctive, conditional
- indefinite moods: infinitive, active participle, passive participle
- diathesis: active, passive
Past tenses are mostly marked by the prefix á-, known as augment, while non-past forms are unmarked. Conversely, the augment can be found also in the anterior future and in the future in the past tenses.
The citation form of verbs is the present infinitive, marked by the ending -am. From such form the verbal root can be inferred and can be changed in every other verbal form.
In simple tenses the following personal endings are added to the verbal root. In this way, verbs show their agreement with the clause subject in person and number:
| 1st sing. | |
| 2nd sing. | |
| 3rd sing. | |
| 1st plur. | |
| 2nd plur. | |
| 3rd plur. |
Compound tenses are usually formed through an auxiliary verb (tòram, to have, or kiɣam, to come) with the forms of the participles or the infinitive. The different moods are formed by adding the following infixes to the verbal root, before the personal endings:
- indicative: Ø
- subjunctive: -in-
- conditional: -as-
The non-finite verbal forms are meant as nominal/adjectival forms of the same verbs. They do not add the personal endings, but they are declined as nouns or adjectives with the nominal declension endings.
As verbal forms can, however, take the augment. They can also add the modal infixes before their typical endings.
The non-finite endings are:
- infinitive: -am
- agentive participle: -íðə
- passive participle: -uɣi
The infinitival form is meant as a 2nd class noun.
