User:Bukkia/sandboxVIII: Difference between revisions

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==Adjectives and pronouns==
==Adjectives and pronouns==
Adjectives closely resemble the noun form, mostly ending in a vowel and showing the same exceptions of nouns. Pronouns, instead, may exhibit different forms in the root form.  
Adjectives closely resemble the noun form, showing the same exceptions of nouns. Pronouns, instead, may exhibit different forms in the root form.  
===Adjectives===
===Adjectives===
Attributive adjectives are always placed '''before''' the nouns they specify, while predicative adjectives are always placed ''after'' them.
Both attributive and predicative adjectives are always placed '''after''' the nouns they specify, with a very few exceptions.


  jṓpā́ wī́ro
  ʔinu̥r ure̥hli
  <small>(the) young man</small>
  <small>(the) young man</small>


  wī́ro jṓpā́ (ʔɑñ)
  jane̥ne ʔinu̥r ure̥hli
  <small>(the) man is young</small>
  <small>(the) man is young</small>
As the verbal copula, ʔɑñɑme, ''to be'', can be omitted when the subject is expressed in the clause, the attributive or predicative role of an adjective can be inferred only by its own position.


All adjectives agree in case and number with the noun they specify, being declined with the nominal endings. They thus display a complete declension set, not belonging inherently to one of the two classes.
All adjectives agree in case and number with the noun they specify, being declined with the nominal endings. Adjectives are declined in number by following the same rules as the nouns, often displaying similar irregularities.


jṓpā́ra wī́rora rḗʔo sṓgo pinkotsar wɑkitsar mḗʔis
<small>the young man’s new house is located in the nearby village</small>
====Declension of qualifying adjectives====
====Declension of qualifying adjectives====
Example: rḗʔo, ''new''
Example: aħli̥to, ''big'', and së̥na, ''house''.
 
{|-
{|-
|-
|-
| || colspan="2" | <center>rḗʔo</center>
| || colspan="2" | <center>së̥na aħli̥to</center>
|-
| style="width: 100px;"| || style="width: 80px;"|<center><small>''singular''</small></center> || style="width: 80px;"|<center><small>''plural''</small></center>
|-
| <center><small>''agentive''</small></center>  || rḗʔoli || rḗʔonoli
|-
| <center><small>''passive''</small></center>  || rḗʔo|| rḗʔono
|-
| <center><small>''ablative''</small></center>  || rḗʔošu || rḗʔonošu
|-
| <center><small>''genitive''</small></center>  || rḗʔora || rḗʔonora
|-
|-
| <center><small>''dative''</small></center>  || rḗʔoɣɑ || rḗʔonoɣɑ
| style="width: 100px;"| || style="width: 120px;"|<center><small>''singular''</small></center>  || style="width: 120px;"|<center><small>''plural''</small></center>
|-
|-
| <center><small>''causative''</small></center> || rḗʔokhu || rḗʔonokhu
| <center><small>''nominative''</small></center> || së̥na aħli̥to || osu̥n uħli̥to
|-
|-
| <center><small>''instrumental''</small></center> || rḗʔokhɑ || rḗʔonokhɑ
| <center><small>''accusative''</small></center> || së̥nam aħli̥tom || osu̥nim uħli̥tom
|-
|-
| <center><small>''abessive''</small></center> || rḗʔogil || rḗʔonogil
| <center><small>''genitive''</small></center> || së̥naš aħli̥toš || osu̥naš uħli̥toš
|-
|-
| <center><small>''locative''</small></center> || rḗʔotsar || rḗʔonotsar
| <center><small>''dative''</small></center> || së̥naʔ aħli̥toʔ || osu̥noʔ uħli̥toʔ
|}
|}

Revision as of 03:18, 4 June 2025

Adjectives and pronouns

Adjectives closely resemble the noun form, showing the same exceptions of nouns. Pronouns, instead, may exhibit different forms in the root form.

Adjectives

Both attributive and predicative adjectives are always placed after the nouns they specify, with a very few exceptions. 

ʔinu̥r ure̥hli 
(the) young man

jane̥ne ʔinu̥r ure̥hli
(the) man is young

All adjectives agree in case and number with the noun they specify, being declined with the nominal endings. Adjectives are declined in number by following the same rules as the nouns, often displaying similar irregularities.

Declension of qualifying adjectives

Example: aħli̥to, big, and së̥na, house.

së̥na aħli̥to
singular
plural
nominative
 së̥na aħli̥to osu̥n uħli̥to
accusative
 së̥nam aħli̥tom osu̥nim uħli̥tom
genitive
 së̥naš aħli̥toš osu̥naš uħli̥toš
dative
 së̥naʔ aħli̥toʔ osu̥noʔ uħli̥toʔ
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