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==Adjectives==
==Adjectives and pronouns==
Adjectives closely resemble the noun form, mostly ending in a vowel and showing the same exceptions of nouns. Pronouns, instead, may exhibit different forms in the root form.
===Adjectives===
Attributive adjectives are always placed '''before''' the nouns they specify, while predicative adjectives are always placed ''after'' them.
Attributive adjectives are always placed '''before''' the nouns they specify, while predicative adjectives are always placed ''after'' them.


  muk tɬʼīx
  jṓpā́ wī́ro
  <small>(the) young man</small>
  <small>(the) young man</small>


  tɬʼīx muk sūɣ
  wī́ro jṓpā́ (ʔɑñ)
  <small>(the) man is young</small>
  <small>(the) man is young</small>
As the verbal copula, ʔɑñɑme, ''to be'', can be omitted when the subject is expressed in the clause, the attributive or predicative role of an adjective can be inferred only by its own position.


All adjectives agree in case and number with the noun they specify, being declined with endings, which are only partially similar to the nominal declension endings.
All adjectives agree in case and number with the noun they specify, being declined with the nominal endings. They thus display a complete declension set, not belonging inherently to one of the two classes.


  mukət tɬʼīxuɟ žur tɬʼūβəg βəʂðət tɬʼūβuriʈ ʈīɣ
  jṓpā́ra wī́rora rḗʔo sṓgo pinkotsar wɑkitsar mḗʔis
  <small>the young man’s new house is located in the nearby village</small>
  <small>the young man’s new house is located in the nearby village</small>
====Declension of qualifying adjectives====
====Declension of qualifying adjectives====
Adjectives are declined in case according to a declension system which is only partially similar to the nominal one, display a smaller set of endings in the oblique cases.
Example: rḗʔo, ''new''
 
Both attributive and predicative adjectives are declined by adding the following endings to the base form of the noun:
 
{|-
{|-
| || <center><small>consonantal<br>class</small></center> || <center><small>vocalic<br>class</small></center>
|-
| style="width: 100px;"| <center><small>''nominative''</small></center> || style="width: 60px;"| - || -
|-
|-
| <center><small>''accusative''</small></center> || -ɴ / əɴ || -ɴ
| || colspan="2" | <center>rḗʔo</center>
|-
|-
| <center><small>''gen.-dat.''</small></center> || -t / ət || -t
| style="width: 100px;"| || style="width: 80px;"|<center><small>''singular''</small></center> || style="width: 80px;"|<center><small>''plural''</small></center>
|-
|-
| <center><small>''instrumental''</small></center> || -t / ət || -t
| <center><small>''agentive''</small></center> || rḗʔoli || rḗʔonoli
|-
|-
| <center><small>''locative''</small></center> || -t / ət || -t
| <center><small>''passive''</small></center> || rḗʔo|| rḗʔono
|}
 
Adjectives are declined in number by following the same rules as the nouns. As it can be noticed, the endings in the oblique case are always the same, displaying the only ending -t. Distinction among oblique case is made by the noun alone.
 
Example: attributive adjective xrām, ''big'', and the noun tɬūβ, ''house''.
 
{|-
|-
|-
| || colspan="2" | <center>xrām tɬūβ</center>
| <center><small>''ablative''</small></center> || rḗʔošu || rḗʔonošu
|-
|-
| style="width: 100px;"| || style="width: 120px;"|<center><small>''singular''</small></center>  || style="width: 120px;"|<center><small>''plural''</small></center>
| <center><small>''genitive''</small></center>  || rḗʔora || rḗʔonora
|-
|-
| <center><small>''nominative''</small></center> || xrām tɬūβ || xrāma tɬūβu
| <center><small>''dative''</small></center> || rḗʔoɣɑ || rḗʔonoɣɑ
|-
|-
| <center><small>''accusative''</small></center> || xrāmɴ tɬūβɴ || xrāmaɴ tɬūβuɴ
| <center><small>''causative''</small></center> || rḗʔokhu || rḗʔonokhu
|-
|-
| <center><small>''gen.-dat.''</small></center> || xrāmt tɬūβuɟ || xrāmat tɬūβuɟ
| <center><small>''instrumental''</small></center> || rḗʔokhɑ || rḗʔonokhɑ
|-
|-
| <center><small>''instrumental''</small></center> || xrāmt tɬūβiq || xrāmat tɬūβuq
| <center><small>''abessive''</small></center> || rḗʔogil || rḗʔonogil
|-
|-
| <center><small>''locative''</small></center> || xrāmt tɬūβaʈ || xrāmat tɬūβuʈ
| <center><small>''locative''</small></center> || rḗʔotsar || rḗʔonotsar
|}
|}

Revision as of 03:10, 4 June 2025

Adjectives and pronouns

Adjectives closely resemble the noun form, mostly ending in a vowel and showing the same exceptions of nouns. Pronouns, instead, may exhibit different forms in the root form.

Adjectives

Attributive adjectives are always placed before the nouns they specify, while predicative adjectives are always placed after them. 

jṓpā́ wī́ro
(the) young man

wī́ro jṓpā́ (ʔɑñ)
(the) man is young

As the verbal copula, ʔɑñɑme, to be, can be omitted when the subject is expressed in the clause, the attributive or predicative role of an adjective can be inferred only by its own position.

All adjectives agree in case and number with the noun they specify, being declined with the nominal endings. They thus display a complete declension set, not belonging inherently to one of the two classes. 

jṓpā́ra wī́rora rḗʔo sṓgo pinkotsar wɑkitsar mḗʔis
the young man’s new house is located in the nearby village

Declension of qualifying adjectives

Example: rḗʔo, new

rḗʔo
singular
plural
agentive
 rḗʔoli rḗʔonoli
passive
 rḗʔo rḗʔono
ablative
 rḗʔošu rḗʔonošu
genitive
 rḗʔora rḗʔonora
dative
 rḗʔoɣɑ rḗʔonoɣɑ
causative
 rḗʔokhu rḗʔonokhu
instrumental
 rḗʔokhɑ rḗʔonokhɑ
abessive
 rḗʔogil rḗʔonogil
locative
 rḗʔotsar rḗʔonotsar
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