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! Fricative | ! Fricative | ||
| '''ф''' /f/ | |||
| '''с''' /s/ | | '''с''' /s/ | ||
| '''сь''' /sʲ/ | | '''сь''' /sʲ/ | ||
| | | | ||
| '''х''' /x/ | | '''х''' /x/ | ||
| '''хь''' /xʲ/ | | '''хь''' /xʲ/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Approximant | ! Approximant | ||
| '''ў''' /w/ | |||
| '''л''' /l/ | | '''л''' /l/ | ||
| '''ль''' /lʲ/ | | '''ль''' /lʲ/ | ||
| '''й''' /j/ | |||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
Revision as of 13:49, 25 May 2025
Ossmalic
| Ossmalic мэ́ӈ оссэма́л | |
|---|---|
| Pronounced: | [ˈmə́ŋ òs.ˈsmál] |
| Spoken: | Ossmal |
| Writing system: | Sealbone Script |
| Genealogy: | Language isolate |
| Typology | |
| Morphological type: | ??? |
| Morphosyntactic alignment: | ergative-absolutive |
| Basic word order: | VSO |
| Credits | |
| Creator: | Malcolm G. Holborne |
28 consonants:
| Labial | Coronal | Palatal | Velar | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| hard | soft | hard | soft | |||
| Nasal | м /m/ | н /n̪/ | нь /n̪ʲ/ | ӈ /ŋ/ | ӈь /ŋʲ/ | |
| Stop | п /p/ | т /t̪/ | ть /t̪ʲ/ | к /k/ | кь /kʲ/ | |
| Fricative | ф /f/ | с /s/ | сь /sʲ/ | х /x/ | хь /xʲ/ | |
| Approximant | ў /w/ | л /l/ | ль /lʲ/ | й /j/ | ||
| Type | Front | Back |
|---|---|---|
| Close | и /i/ | у /u/ |
| Mid | е /e/ | о /o/ |
| Open | а /a/ | |
| Short | Long | ||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Origin | æ | e | ø | i | y | ɑ | ɤ | o | ɯ | u | æː | eː | øː | iː | yː | ɑː | ɤː | oː | ɯː | uː | |
| Result | ʲa | ʲe | ʲo | ʲĭ | ʲŭ | a | e | o | ĭ | ŭ | ʲa | ʲe | ʲo | ʲi | ʲu | a | e | o | i | u | |
Tone is not explicitly marked in writing but inferred based on historical voicing distinctions and consonant clusters:
| Consonant | High | Low |
|---|---|---|
| Stop | па /pá/ | ба /pà/ |
| та /t̪á/ | да /t̪à/ | |
| тьа /t̪ʲá/ | дьа /t̪ʲà/ | |
| ка /ká/ | га /kà/ | |
| кьа /kʲá/ | гьа /kʲà/ | |
| Fricative | фа /fá/ | ва /fà/ |
| са /sá/ | за /sà/ | |
| сьа /sʲá/ | зьа /sʲà/ | |
| ха /xá/ | ға /xà/ | |
| хьа /xʲá/ | ғьа /xʲà/ | |
| Sonorant | — | ма /mà/ |
| — | на /n̪à/ | |
| — | ньа /n̪ʲà/ | |
| — | ӈа /ŋà/ | |
| — | ӈьа /ŋʲà/ | |
| — | ла /là/ | |
| — | льа /lʲà/ | |
| Semivowel | — | ўа /wà/ |
| — | йа /jà/ |
Tone possibly indicated on vowels instead:
- а́ е́ и́ э́ о́ у́
- а̀ ѐ ѝ э̀ о̀ у̀
Animate:
- ма̀дсьаі "human" [sg], ??? "people" [pl]
- сьо́лаі "river" [sg], ??? "rivers" [pl]
- хва́лаі "horse" [sg], ??? "horses" [pl]
- кхьва́наі "god" [sg], ??? "gods" [pl]
- дэ̀лхаі ??? [sg]
Inanimate:
- сэма́л "mountain" [sg], сэма̀ль "mountains" [pl]
- сьо́л "lake" [sg], сьо́ль "lakes" [pl]
- ду̀д "house" [sg], ду̀дь "houses" [pl]
- мэ́ӈ "language" [sg], мэ̀ӈь "languages" [pl]
Adjective prefixes
Colours
- маг- "black, dark"
- ос- "white, light"
- тьил- "immoral, wicked, evil"
