User:Bukkia/sandboxVIII: Difference between revisions

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The noun cluster is formed by a noun, carrying the main meaning, and by other noun-type forms, namely adjectives, which specify this meaning or add other meanings to the main noun. Inside of a noun cluster, the noun can be replaced by a pronoun.
The noun cluster is formed by a noun, carrying the main meaning, and by other noun-type forms, namely adjectives, which specify this meaning or add other meanings to the main noun. Inside of a noun cluster, the noun can be replaced by a pronoun.


The noun is usually located in the center of the noun cluster, being preceded or followed by every other specifying form.  
The noun usually closes the noun cluster, being preceded by every other specifying form. Thus, other elements conveying ''possession'' and ''belonging'' are always placed '''before''' the noun, as well as every attributive adjective.
 
  wī́rora sṓgo
Non-adjectival elements conveying ''possession'' and ''belonging'' are always placed '''after''' the noun, as well as every attributive adjective.
  sōgu vīrurɛ
  <small>the man’s house</small>
  <small>the man’s house</small>


Every attributive adjectives, conversely, is always placed '''before''' the noun.
  owtušu lilā́
  ūdjužu liwlā
  <small>my hand</small>
  <small>my hand</small>


  çōvā hő
  jṓpā́ ʔṓna
  <small>the young woman</small>
  <small>the young woman</small>
The role of the noun cluster in the sentence and its number are marked by case and number endings. These endings mark also other adjectival elements inside the noun cluster, resulting this in the process called ''nominal agreement''.  
The role of the noun cluster in the sentence and its number are marked by case and number endings. These endings mark also other adjectival elements inside the noun cluster, resulting this in the process called ''nominal agreement''.  


Both ''attributive'' and ''predicative'' adjectives agree in case and number with the noun they specify. Other elements, which convey possession or belonging do not agree with the main nominal form.
Both ''attributive'' and ''predicative'' adjectives agree in case and number with the noun they specify. Other elements, which convey possession or belonging do not agree with the main nominal form.


  çōvā vīru hiwmix gōw sōguxjɛ
  jṓpā́li wī́roli sṓgoɣɑ ʔimḗɣɑt
  <small>the young man is going home</small>
  <small>the young man is going home</small>


  çōvāw hőw
  jonora sṓgo
<small>our house</small>
 
jṓpā́no ʔṓnano
  <small>the young women</small>
  <small>the young women</small>


  hőw çōvāw
  ʔṓnano jṓpā́no (ʔɑñon)
  <small>the women are young</small>
  <small>the women are young</small>
The agreement among nouns and adjectives is not a universal phenomenon. Indefinite adjectives, indeed, usually do not agree with the nominal form, neither in case nor in number.


In colloquial speech, however, attributive adjectives do agree with the noun by a smaller set of endings, which are essentially different from those of the noun declension. This feature varies prominently among dialects, being thus regarded as optional in the standard grammar.
The grammar role of noun clusters can be further specified by ''postpositions'', which are placed after the cluster. Thus, it can be stated that the noun cluster can be closed by a postposition.
çōvāwx hőwxjɛ
  sṓgoɣɑ ʔū́m ʔimḗɣow
<small>to the young women</small>
  <small>I am going inside the house</small>
 
The usage of possessive forms is quite more complex. When used as possessive adjectives, these forms are always placed ''before'' the noun and they do agree with their noun in case and number.
ūdjužu liwlā
<small>my hand</small>
 
It is also possible, however, to convey a possessive meaning by using the personal pronouns in their dative case forms. In this role they are always placed ''after'' their adjoining noun without an agreement either in case or number. They thus are regarded as indeclinable possessive forms.
liwlā çurɛ
<small>my hand</small>
 
The grammar role of noun clusters can be further specified by ''prepositions'', which are placed before the cluster. Thus, it can be stated that the noun cluster can be introduced by a preposition.
  cɛɣiʝuɣū gū sōguxjɛ
  <small>I am talking about the house</small>

Revision as of 02:49, 7 May 2025

Nouns

The noun cluster is formed by a noun, carrying the main meaning, and by other noun-type forms, namely adjectives, which specify this meaning or add other meanings to the main noun. Inside of a noun cluster, the noun can be replaced by a pronoun.

The noun usually closes the noun cluster, being preceded by every other specifying form. Thus, other elements conveying possession and belonging are always placed before the noun, as well as every attributive adjective. 

wī́rora sṓgo
the man’s house

owtušu lilā́
my hand

jṓpā́ ʔṓna 
the young woman

The role of the noun cluster in the sentence and its number are marked by case and number endings. These endings mark also other adjectival elements inside the noun cluster, resulting this in the process called nominal agreement.

Both attributive and predicative adjectives agree in case and number with the noun they specify. Other elements, which convey possession or belonging do not agree with the main nominal form. 

jṓpā́li wī́roli sṓgoɣɑ ʔimḗɣɑt
the young man is going home

jonora sṓgo
our house

jṓpā́no ʔṓnano
the young women

ʔṓnano jṓpā́no (ʔɑñon)
the women are young

The agreement among nouns and adjectives is not a universal phenomenon. Indefinite adjectives, indeed, usually do not agree with the nominal form, neither in case nor in number.

The grammar role of noun clusters can be further specified by postpositions, which are placed after the cluster. Thus, it can be stated that the noun cluster can be closed by a postposition. 

sṓgoɣɑ ʔū́m ʔimḗɣow
I am going inside the house
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