User:Bukkia/sandboxVIII: Difference between revisions
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The endings for the secondary oblique cases are not usually added to a semantically animate noun, while the endings for the primary main cases are not usually added to a semantically inanimate noun. | The endings for the secondary oblique cases are not usually added to a semantically animate noun, while the endings for the primary main cases are not usually added to a semantically inanimate noun. | ||
{|- | |||
|- | |||
| || colspan="4" | ''Plural declension'' | |||
|- | |||
| ||<small>''precasual pattern''</small>||<small>''postcasual pattern''</small>||<small>''precasual pattern''</small>||<small>''postcasual pattern''</small> | |||
|-- | |||
| style="width: 80px;"|<center><small>''agentive''</small></center> || style="width: 80px;"| '''papunoli''' || style="width: 80px;"| '''papulino''' || style="width: 80px;"| '''-''' || style="width: 80px;"| '''-''' | |||
|- | |||
| <center><small>''passive''</small></center> || '''papu''' || '''soːŋo''' | |||
|- | |||
| <center><small>''genitive''</small></center> || '''papura''' || '''-''' | |||
|- | |||
| <center><small>''terminative''</small></center> || '''papuʂu''' || '''soːŋoʂu''' | |||
|- | |||
| <center><small>''terminative''</small></center> || '''papuχæ''' || '''soːŋoχæ''' | |||
|- | |||
| <center><small>''causative''</small></center> || '''papukʰu''' || '''soːŋokʰu''' | |||
|- | |||
| <center><small>''instrumental''</small></center> || '''-''' || '''soːŋokʰæ''' | |||
|- | |||
| <center><small>''abessive''</small></center> || '''-''' || '''soːŋoŋil''' | |||
|- | |||
| <center><small>''locative''</small></center> || '''-''' || '''soːŋoʈar''' | |||
|} | |||
Revision as of 06:38, 2 May 2025
Noun declension
As already mentioned, the nominal root has a CVCV structure. This structure can be derivatively and semantically expanded by other syllables, while still preserving its vowel-ending structure.
Nouns do decline, according to their role in the sentence for case. They also distinguish three morphological numbers, singular, dual, and plural.
A nominal root is thus declined for case and number by adding the following morphemes:
| Case morphemes | |
| -li | |
| - | |
| -ra | |
| -ʂu | |
| -χæ | |
| -kʰu | |
| -kʰæ | |
| -ŋil | |
| -ʈar | |
| Numeral morphemes | |
| - | |
| -no | |
| -ʔi | |
In the pre-diasporic period, these morphemes are added to the root without a fixed pattern. Numeral morpheme can, indeed, be freely placed before or after the case morpheme.
Some examples are shown below: a typical active or animate noun, papu, father, and a typical inactive or inanimate noun, soːŋo, house.
| Singular declension | ||
| papuli | - | |
| papu | soːŋo | |
| papura | - | |
| papuʂu | soːŋoʂu | |
| papuχæ | soːŋoχæ | |
| papukʰu | soːŋokʰu | |
| - | soːŋokʰæ | |
| - | soːŋoŋil | |
| - | soːŋoʈar | |
The endings for the secondary oblique cases are not usually added to a semantically animate noun, while the endings for the primary main cases are not usually added to a semantically inanimate noun.
| Plural declension | ||||
| precasual pattern | postcasual pattern | precasual pattern | postcasual pattern | |
| papunoli | papulino | - | - | |
| papu | soːŋo | |||
| papura | - | |||
| papuʂu | soːŋoʂu | |||
| papuχæ | soːŋoχæ | |||
| papukʰu | soːŋokʰu | |||
| - | soːŋokʰæ | |||
| - | soːŋoŋil | |||
| - | soːŋoʈar | |||
