User:Bukkia/sandboxVIII: Difference between revisions
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{|- | {|- | ||
|- | |- | ||
| || colspan="2" | <center> | | || colspan="2" | <center>paɸu</center> || colspan="2" | <center>sowgu</center> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="width: 100px;"| || style="width: 80px;"|<center><small>''singular''</small></center> || style="width: 80px;"|<center><small>''plural''</small></center> || style="width: 80px;"|<center><small>''singular''</small></center> || style="width: 80px;"|<center><small>''plural''</small></center> | | style="width: 100px;"| || style="width: 80px;"|<center><small>''singular''</small></center> || style="width: 80px;"|<center><small>''plural''</small></center> || style="width: 80px;"|<center><small>''singular''</small></center> || style="width: 80px;"|<center><small>''plural''</small></center> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| <center><small>'' | | <center><small>''basic''</small></center> || paɸu || paɸunu || sowgu || sowgunu | ||
|- | |- | ||
| <center><small>'' | | <center><small>''direct''</small></center> || paɸul‘ || paɸunol‘ || sowgul‘ || sowgunol‘ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| <center><small>'' | | <center><small>''oblique''</small></center> || paɸuha || paɸunoha || sowguha || sowgunoha | ||
|} | |} | ||
Nouns ending in a consonant in the singular direct case usually add a euphonic vowel before the endings of the other cases. This vowel is generally -ə-, but other vowels are also possible. | Nouns ending in a consonant in the singular direct case usually add a euphonic vowel before the endings of the other cases. This vowel is generally -ə-, but other vowels are also possible. | ||
Revision as of 09:58, 30 April 2025
Noun declension
Nouns are declined in case and number by adding the following endings to the base form of the noun:
| - | -nu | |
| -l‘ | -nol‘ | |
| -ha | -noha |
Some examples are shown below: paɸu, father, and sowgu, house.
| paɸu | paɸunu | sowgu | sowgunu | |
| paɸul‘ | paɸunol‘ | sowgul‘ | sowgunol‘ | |
| paɸuha | paɸunoha | sowguha | sowgunoha | |
Nouns ending in a consonant in the singular direct case usually add a euphonic vowel before the endings of the other cases. This vowel is generally -ə-, but other vowels are also possible.
dir. piɣ → g.d. piɣəre, ... dir. šóneh → g.d. šónehare, ...
Some irregular nouns, conversely, change their last vowel in the root before adding other endings. The commonest changes are e → a, or ə → o. A lot of these nouns display both irregular and regular forms, especially in earlier texts. In modern texts the amount of irregular forms is increasingly limited.
dir. soβe → g.d. soβere or soβare, ... dir. sanə → g.d. sanəre or sanore, ...
