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Main article: Βaβar

This page gives an extensive description of Βaβar phonological features.

Consonants

The consonant system distinguishes 30 phonemes, traditionally arranged in the following scheme:

		IPA		Transcription
ejective	alveolar	[tsʼ]	[tɬʼ]	tsʼ	tɬʼ
	velar	[kxʼ]		kxʼ
	retroflex	[ʈʂʼ]		ʈʂʼ
plosive	alveolar	[t]	[d]	t	d
	velar	[k]	[g]	k	g
	palatal	[c]	[ɟ]	ç	ɟ
	retroflex	[ʈ]	[ɖ]	ʈ	ɖ
	uvular	[q]		q
nasal	bilabial	[m]		m
	alveolar	[n]		n
	uvular	[ɴ]		ɴ
liquid		[r]		r
fricative	bilabial	[ɸ]	[β]	ɸ	β
	alveolar	[ð]		ð
	velar	[x]	[ɣ]	x	ɣ
sibilant	alveolar	[s]	[z]	s	z
	post-alveolar	[ʃ]	[ʒ]	š	ž
	retroflex	[ʂ]	[ʐ]	ʂ	ʐ
approximant		[j]	[w]	j	w

There is a well developed separate group of ejective consonants, which distinguishes three sub-group: alveolar, velar, and retroflex. The total amount of ejective phonemes is, however, four.

The group of the plosive consonants is essentially rich and distinguishes four sub-groups: alveolar, velar, palatal, retroflex, and uvular, even though the uvular include only the phoneme [q].

The group of the nasal is slighty poorer, but anyway quite developed, with the noteworthy presence of the uvular phoneme [ɴ]. The group of the liquid consonants is remarkably scarce, with the only phoneme [r].

The group of the fricative consonants is overall well developed, with three different points of articulation and a limited distinction between some voiced and voiceless phonemes. In the analysis, the group of the sibilant consonants is regarded as a separate group, with with three different points of articulation and an extensive distinction between voiced and voiceless phonemes too.

There is no affricate consonant. The phonemes [j] and [w] can have both a semivocalic and a full consonantal value.

		IPA	Transcription
nasal	bilabial	[m̍]	m
	alveolar	[n̍]	n
	uvular	[ɴ̍]	ɴ̍
liquid		[r̍]	r