User:Bukkia/sandboxVIII: Difference between revisions

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{{main|Dʰakʰi}}
{{main|Memniq}}
This page gives an extensive description of '''Dʰakʰi phonological''' features.
This page gives an extensive description of '''Memniq phonological''' features.
==Consonants==
==Consonants==
The consonant system distinguishes 22 phonemes, traditionally arranged in the following scheme:
The consonant system distinguishes 24 phonemes, traditionally arranged in the following scheme:
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|-  
|-  
| colspan="2" | || colspan="3" | <center>''IPA''</center> || colspan="3" | <center>''Transcription''</center>
| colspan="2" | || colspan="3" | <center>''IPA''</center> || colspan="3" | <center>''Transcription''</center>
|-
|-
| style="width: 120px;" rowspan="5" | <small>''plosive''</small> || style="width: 120px;"| <small>''voiceless''</small> || style="width: 30px;"| <center>[p]</center> || style="width: 30px;"| <center>[k]</center> || style="width: 30px;"| <center>[t]</center> || style="width: 30px;"| <center>'''p'''</center> || style="width: 30px;"| <center>'''k'''</center> || style="width: 30px;"| <center>'''t'''</center>
| style="width: 120px;" rowspan="3" | <small>''plosive''</small> || style="width: 120px;"| <small>''voiceless''</small> || style="width: 30px;"| <center>[p]</center> || style="width: 30px;"| <center>[k]</center> || style="width: 30px;"| <center>[t]</center> || style="width: 30px;"| <center>p</center> || style="width: 30px;"| <center>k</center> || style="width: 30px;"| <center>t</center>
|-
|-
| <small>''voiced''</small> || <center>[b]</center> || <center>[g]</center> || <center>[d]</center> || <center>'''b'''</center> || <center>'''g'''</center> || <center>'''d'''</center>
| <small>''uvular''</small> || || <center>[q]</center> || || || <center>q</center> ||  
|-
|-
| <small>''voiceless aspirated''</small> || <center>[pʰ]</center> || <center>[kʰ]</center> || <center>[tʰ]</center> || <center>'''pʰ'''</center> || <center>'''kʰ'''</center> || <center>'''tʰ'''</center>
| <small>''glottal''</small> || || <center>[ʔ]</center> || || || <center>ʔ</center> ||  
|-
|-
| <small>''voiced aspirated''</small> || <center>[bʰ]</center> || <center>[gʰ]</center> || <center>[dʰ]</center> || <center>'''bʰ'''</center> || <center>'''gʰ'''</center> || <center>'''dʰ'''</center>  
| colspan="2" | <small>''nasal''</small> || <center>[m]</center> || || <center>[n]</center> || <center>m</center> || || <center>n</center>  
|-
|-
| <small>''uvular''</small> || <center>[q]</center> || <center>[ɢ]</center> || <center>[ʡ]</center> || <center>'''q'''</center> || <center>'''x'''</center> || <center>'''ʡ'''</center>  
| colspan="2" | <small>''liquid''</small> || <center>[r]</center> || || <center>[l]</center> || <center>r</center> || || <center>l</center>
|-
|-
| colspan="2" | <small>''nasal''</small> || <center>[m]</center> || <center>[n]</center> || <center>[ɴ]</center> || <center>'''m'''</center> || <center>'''n'''</center> || <center>'''ṅ'''</center>
| rowspan="5" | <small>''fricative''</small> ||<small>''velar''</small> || || <center>[ɣ]</center> || || || <center>ɣ</center> ||  
|-
|-
| colspan="2" | <small>''liquid''</small> || <center>[r]</center> || || <center>[l]</center> || <center>'''r'''</center> || || <center>'''l'''</center>
| <small>''sibilant''</small> || || <center>[s]</center> || || || <center>s</center> ||  
|-
|-
| rowspan="2" | <small>''fricative''</small> ||<small>''sibilant''</small> || || <center>[s]</center> || || || <center>'''s'''</center> ||  
| <small>''alveolar''</small> || || <center>[ʃ]</center> || || || <center>š</center> ||
|-
| <small>''glottal''</small> || <center>[ʔ]</center> || || <center>[h]</center> || <center>ʔ</center> || || <center>h</center>
|-
| <small>''approximant''</small> || <center>[j]</center> || || <center>[w]</center> || <center>j</center> ||  || <center>w</center>
|-
| colspan="2" | <small>''affricate''</small> || || <center>[ʦ]</center> || || || <center>ts</center> ||  
|-
|-
| <small>''post-alveolar''</small> || || <center>[ʃ]</center> || || || <center>'''š'''</center> ||
|}
|}


The group of the plosive consonants is remarkably rich and distinguishes five sub-groups: ''voiceless'', ''voiced'', ''voiceless aspirated'', ''voiced aspirated'',  and ''uvular''.
The group of the plosive consonants distinguishes three sub-groups: ''voiceless'', ''voiced'', and ''aspirated'', even though the voiced sub-group includes only the phoneme [g].
 
TThe groups of the nasal and of the liquid consonants are noticeably poorer, but anyway quite developed. The group of the nasal consonants notably includes the phoneme [ɴ].
 
The group of the fricative consonants is extremely scarce, with only two phonemes and no distinction between voiced and voiceless phonemes.  


There is nor affricate either approximant consonants. The phonemes [j] and [w], although existant, are not traditionally included in the consonant system, since they can have only a semi-vocalic value and they are always regarded only as semivowels.
The group of the fricative consonants is overall well developed, although less rich, like the group of the nasal and of the liquid consonants. The glottal consonant, [ʔ], while formally a plosive, is traditionally included in the fricative group. The phonemes [j] and [w] have a full consonantal value and they are never regarded as semivowels.

Revision as of 01:44, 23 April 2025

Main article: Memniq

This page gives an extensive description of Memniq phonological features.

Consonants

The consonant system distinguishes 24 phonemes, traditionally arranged in the following scheme:

IPA
Transcription
plosive voiceless
[p]
[k]
[t]
p
k
t
uvular
[q]
q
glottal
[ʔ]
ʔ
nasal
[m]
[n]
m
n
liquid
[r]
[l]
r
l
fricative velar
[ɣ]
ɣ
sibilant
[s]
s
alveolar
[ʃ]
š
glottal
[ʔ]
[h]
ʔ
h
approximant
[j]
[w]
j
w
affricate
[ʦ]
ts

The group of the plosive consonants distinguishes three sub-groups: voiceless, voiced, and aspirated, even though the voiced sub-group includes only the phoneme [g].

The group of the fricative consonants is overall well developed, although less rich, like the group of the nasal and of the liquid consonants. The glottal consonant, [ʔ], while formally a plosive, is traditionally included in the fricative group. The phonemes [j] and [w] have a full consonantal value and they are never regarded as semivowels.

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