User:Bukkia/sandboxVIII: Difference between revisions

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{{main|Rertu}}
{{main|Proto-Saːkdi}}
This page gives an extensive description of '''Rertu phonological''' features.
This page gives an extensive description of '''Proto-Saːkdi phonological''' features.
==Consonants==
==Consonants==
The consonant system distinguishes 21 phonemes, traditionally arranged in the following scheme:
The consonant system distinguishes 21 phonemes, traditionally arranged in the following scheme:
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| colspan="2" | || colspan="3" | <center>''IPA''</center> || colspan="3" | <center>''Transcription''</center>
| colspan="2" | || colspan="3" | <center>''IPA''</center> || colspan="3" | <center>''Transcription''</center>
|-
|-
| style="width: 120px;" rowspan="4" | <small>''plosive''</small> || style="width: 120px;"| <small>''voiceless''</small> || style="width: 30px;"| <center>[p]</center> || style="width: 30px;"| <center>[k]</center> || style="width: 30px;"| <center>[t]</center> || style="width: 30px;"| <center>p</center> || style="width: 30px;"| <center>k</center> || style="width: 30px;"| <center>t</center>
| style="width: 120px;" rowspan="4" | <small>''plosive''</small> || style="width: 120px;"| <small>''voiceless''</small> || style="width: 30px;"| <center>[p]</center> || style="width: 30px;"| <center>[k]</center> || style="width: 30px;"| <center>[t]</center> || style="width: 30px;"| <center>'''p'''</center> || style="width: 30px;"| <center>'''k'''</center> || style="width: 30px;"| <center>'''t'''</center>
|-
|-
| <small>''voiced''</small> || <center>[b]</center> || <center>[g]</center> || <center>[d]</center> || <center>b</center> || <center>g</center> || <center>d</center>  
| <small>''voiced''</small> || <center>[b]</center> || <center>[g]</center> || <center>[d]</center> || <center>'''b'''</center> || <center>'''g'''</center> || <center>'''d'''</center>  
|-
|-
| <small>''palatal''</small> || <center>[c]</center> || || <center>[ɟ]</center> || <center>c</center> || || <center>ɟ</center>  
| <small>''retroflex''</small> || <center>[ʈ]</center> || || <center>[ɖ]</center> || <center>'''ʈ'''</center> || || <center>'''ɖ'''</center>  
|-
|-
| <small>''glottal''</small> || || <center>[ʔ]</center> || || || <center>ʔ</center> ||  
| <small>''pharyngeal''</small> || || <center>[ʡ]</center> || || || <center>'''ʡ'''</center> ||  
|-
|-
| colspan="2" | <small>''nasal''</small> || <center>[m]</center> || <center>[n]</center> || <center>[ŋ]</center> || <center>m</center> || <center>n</center> || <center>ŋ</center>
| <small>''uvular''</small> || || <center>[q]</center> || || || <center>'''q'''</center> ||  
|-
|-
| colspan="2" | <small>''liquid''</small> || <center>[r]</center> || || <center>[l]</center> || <center>r</center> || || <center>l</center>  
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" | <small>''nasal''</small> || <center>[m]</center> || || <center>[n]</center> || <center>'''m'''</center> || || <center>'''n'''</center>  
|-
|-
| rowspan="3" | <small>''fricative''</small> ||<small>''sibilant''</small> || <center>[s]</center> || || <center>[z]</center> || <center>s</center> || || <center>z</center>  
| <center>[ɴ]</center> || <center>[ŋ]</center> || || <center>'''ɴ'''</center> || || <center>'''ŋ'''</center>  
|-
|-
| <small>''alveolar''</small> || <center>[ʃ]</center> || || <center>[ʒ]</center> || <center>š</center> || || <center>ž</center>  
| colspan="2" | <small>''liquid''</small> || <center>[r]</center> || || <center>[l]</center> || <center>'''r'''</center> || || <center>'''l'''</center>  
|-
|-
| <small>''glottal''</small> || || <center>[h]</center> || || || <center>h</center> ||
| rowspan="3" | <small>''fricative''</small> ||<small>''sibilant''</small> || <center>[s]</center> || || <center>[z]</center> || <center>'''s'''</center> || || <center>'''z'''</center>
|-
|-
| colspan="2" | <small>''approximant''</small> || <center>[j]</center> || || <center>[w]</center> || <center>j</center> || || <center>w</center>  
| <small>''retroflex''</small> || <center>[ʂ]</center> || || <center>[ʐ]</center> || <center>ʂ</center> || || <center>'''ʐ'''</center>
|-
| <small>''pharyngeal''</small> || || <center>[ħ]</center> || || || <center>'''ħ'''</center> || 
|-
| <small>''glottal''</small> || || <center>[h]</center> || || || <center>'''h'''</center> || 
|-
| colspan="2" | <small>''approximant''</small> || <center>[j]</center> || || <center>[w]</center> || <center>'''j'''</center> || || <center>'''w'''</center>  
|-
|-
|}
|}

Revision as of 09:59, 21 April 2025

Main article: Proto-Saːkdi

This page gives an extensive description of Proto-Saːkdi phonological features.

Consonants

The consonant system distinguishes 21 phonemes, traditionally arranged in the following scheme:

IPA
Transcription
plosive voiceless
[p]
[k]
[t]
p
k
t
voiced
[b]
[g]
[d]
b
g
d
retroflex
[ʈ]
[ɖ]
ʈ
ɖ
pharyngeal
[ʡ]
ʡ
uvular
[q]
q
nasal
[m]
[n]
m
n
[ɴ]
[ŋ]
ɴ
ŋ
liquid
[r]
[l]
r
l
fricative sibilant
[s]
[z]
s
z
retroflex
[ʂ]
[ʐ]
ʂ
ʐ
pharyngeal
[ħ]
ħ
glottal
[h]
h
approximant
[j]
[w]
j
w

The group of the plosive consonants is essentially rich and distinguishes four sub-groups: voiceless, voiced, palatal and glottal, even though the glottal sub-group includes only the phoneme [ʔ].

The groups of the nasal and of the liquid consonants are slighty poorer, but anyway quite developed, with the noteworthy presence of the velar phoneme [ŋ].

The group of the fricative consonants is overall scarce, both in the amount of phonemes and in points of articulation, with an extended distinction between voiced and voiceless phonemes, except for the sub-group of glottal consonants.

There is no affricate consonant. The phonemes [j] and [w] have a full consonantal value and they are never regarded as semivowels.

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