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| {{main|Iðâɣ}} | | {{main|Memniq}} |
| This page gives an extensive description of '''Iðâɣ phonological''' features. | | This page gives an extensive description of '''Memniq syntactical''' features. |
| ==Consonants== | | ==Main clause and word order== |
| The consonant system distinguishes 20 phonemes, traditionally arranged in the following scheme:
| | Memniq is a mainly '''VSO''' (''Verb-Subject-Object'') language. |
| {| class="wikitable"
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| | jaťre̥ke ʔinu̥r o̥sfem |
| | colspan="2" | || colspan="3" | <center>''IPA''</center> || colspan="3" | <center>''Transcription''</center>
| | <small>the man sees the dog</small> |
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| | style="width: 120px;" rowspan="2" | <small>''plosive''</small> || style="width: 120px;"| <small>''voiceless''</small> || style="width: 30px;"| <center>[p]</center> || style="width: 30px;"| <center>[k]</center> || style="width: 30px;"| <center>[t]</center> || style="width: 30px;"| <center>p</center> || style="width: 30px;"| <center>k</center> || style="width: 30px;"| <center>t</center>
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| | <small>''voiced''</small> || || <center>[g]</center> || || || <center>g</center> ||
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| | colspan="2" | <small>''nasal''</small> || <center>[m]</center> || || <center>[n]</center> || <center>m</center> || || <center>n</center>
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| | colspan="2" | <small>''liquid''</small> || <center>[r]</center> || || <center>[l]</center> || <center>r</center> || || <center>l</center>
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| | rowspan="7" | <small>''fricative''</small> ||<small>''dental''</small> || || <center>[ð]</center> || || || <center>ð</center> ||
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| | <small>''sibilant''</small> || || <center>[s]</center> || || || <center>s</center> ||
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| | <small>''alveolar''</small> || || <center>[ʃ]</center> || || || <center>š</center> ||
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| | <small>''glottal''</small> || || <center>[h]</center> || || || <center>h</center> ||
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| | <small>''palatal''</small> || || <center>[ç]</center> || || || <center>ç</center> ||
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| | <small>''bilabial''</small> || <center>[ɸ]</center> || || <center>[β]</center> || <center>ɸ</center> || || <center>β</center>
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| | <small>''velar''</small> || <center>[x]</center> || || <center>[ɣ]</center> || <center>x</center> || || <center>ɣ</center>
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| | colspan="2" | <small>''approximant''</small> || <center>[j]</center> || || <center>[w]</center> || <center>j</center> || || <center>w</center>
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| | colspan="2" | <small>''affricate''</small> || || <center>[ʧ]</center> || || || <center>č</center> ||
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| |}
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| The group of the plosive consonants is essentially scarce. It distinguishes two sub-groups: ''voiceless'' and ''voiced'', and the voiced sub-group includes the phoneme [g] alone. | | The case system, which clearly distinguishes between the subject and the direct object, allows every other possible word order to some extent, but most of them prove to be very marked and infrequently used. The only word order with a clear role and a frequent usage is '''VOS''' (''Verb-Object-Subject''), which is used to emphasize the direct object. |
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| The group of the nasal and of the liquid consonants is similarly scarce, but anyway quite developed. The group of the fricative is substantially richer in its amount of phonemes and points of articulation.
| | jaťre̥ke o̥sfem ʔinu̥r |
| | <small>it's the dog the man sees</small> |
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| The phoneme [w] can have both semivocalic and consonantal value, while the phoneme [j] has always a full consonantal value and it is never regarded as a semivowel. | | The other elements in the sentence are usually placed in the order “''time-cause-manner-place''”, although they are basically freer than the main elements. An object in the dative case, when conveying the indirect object, tends to be placed ''after'' the direct object of the sentence. |
- Main article: Memniq
This page gives an extensive description of Memniq syntactical features.
Main clause and word order
Memniq is a mainly VSO (Verb-Subject-Object) language.
jaťre̥ke ʔinu̥r o̥sfem
the man sees the dog
The case system, which clearly distinguishes between the subject and the direct object, allows every other possible word order to some extent, but most of them prove to be very marked and infrequently used. The only word order with a clear role and a frequent usage is VOS (Verb-Object-Subject), which is used to emphasize the direct object.
jaťre̥ke o̥sfem ʔinu̥r
it's the dog the man sees
The other elements in the sentence are usually placed in the order “time-cause-manner-place”, although they are basically freer than the main elements. An object in the dative case, when conveying the indirect object, tends to be placed after the direct object of the sentence.
