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{{main|Thahi}}
{{main|Iðâɣ}}
This page gives an extensive description of '''Thahi syntactical''' features.
This page gives an extensive description of '''Iðâɣ phonological''' features.
==Main clause and word order==
==Consonants==
Thahi is an almost strictly '''VSO''' (''Verb-Subject-Object'') language.
The consonant system distinguishes 20 phonemes, traditionally arranged in the following scheme:
   
{| class="wikitable"
  gäkhägùsga gòpha kheʔù
|-
<small>the man sees the dog</small>
| colspan="2" | || colspan="3" | <center>''IPA''</center> || colspan="3" | <center>''Transcription''</center>
|-
| style="width: 120px;" rowspan="2" | <small>''plosive''</small> || style="width: 120px;"| <small>''voiceless''</small> || style="width: 30px;"| <center>[p]</center> || style="width: 30px;"| <center>[k]</center> || style="width: 30px;"| <center>[t]</center> || style="width: 30px;"| <center>p</center> || style="width: 30px;"| <center>k</center> || style="width: 30px;"| <center>t</center>
|-
| <small>''voiced''</small> || || <center>[g]</center> || || || <center>g</center> ||
|-
| colspan="2" | <small>''nasal''</small> || <center>[m]</center> || <center>[n]</center> || <center>[ɲ]</center> || <center>m</center> || <center>n</center> || <center>ñ</center>
|-
| colspan="2" | <small>''liquid''</small> || <center>[r]</center> || || <center>[l]</center> || <center>r</center> || || <center>l</center>
|-
| rowspan="5" | <small>''fricative''</small> ||<small>''velar''</small> || || <center>[ɣ]</center> || || || <center>ɣ</center> ||
|-
| <small>''sibilant''</small> || || <center>[s]</center> || || || <center>s</center> ||
|-
| <small>''alveolar''</small> || || <center>[ʃ]</center> || || || <center>š</center> ||
|-
| <small>''alveolar''</small> || <center>[ʔ]</center> || || <center>[h]</center> || <center>ʔ</center> || || <center>h</center>
|-
| <small>''approximant''</small> || <center>[j]</center> || || <center>[w]</center> || <center>j</center> || || <center>w</center>
|-
| colspan="2" | <small>''affricate''</small> || || <center>[ʦ]</center> || || || <center>ts</center> ||
|-
|}


The quite rich case system allows every other possible word order, but most of them prove to be very marked and infrequently used. The only word order with a clear role and a frequent usage is '''VOS''' (''Verb-Object-Subject''), which conveys a ''passive'' meaning.
The group of the plosive consonants distinguishes three sub-groups: ''voiceless'', ''voiced'', and ''aspirated'', even though the voiced sub-group includes only the phoneme [g].


gäkhägùsga kheʔù gòpha
The group of the fricative consonants is overall well developed, although less rich, like the group of the nasal and of the liquid consonants. The glottal consonant, [ʔ], while formally a plosive, is traditionally included in the fricative group. The phonemes [j] and [w] have a full consonantal value and they are never regarded as semivowels.
<small>the dog is seen by the man</small>
 
The other elements in the sentence are usually placed in the order “''time-cause-manner-place''”, although they are basically freer than the main elements. An object in the dative case, when conveying the indirect object, tends to be placed ''after'' the direct object of the sentence.
 
gebolérmo gòpha bèse na kheʔù
<small>the man gives bread to the dog</small>

Revision as of 13:35, 14 April 2025

Main article: Iðâɣ

This page gives an extensive description of Iðâɣ phonological features.

Consonants

The consonant system distinguishes 20 phonemes, traditionally arranged in the following scheme:

IPA
Transcription
plosive voiceless
[p]
[k]
[t]
p
k
t
voiced
[g]
g
nasal
[m]
[n]
[ɲ]
m
n
ñ
liquid
[r]
[l]
r
l
fricative velar
[ɣ]
ɣ
sibilant
[s]
s
alveolar
[ʃ]
š
alveolar
[ʔ]
[h]
ʔ
h
approximant
[j]
[w]
j
w
affricate
[ʦ]
ts

The group of the plosive consonants distinguishes three sub-groups: voiceless, voiced, and aspirated, even though the voiced sub-group includes only the phoneme [g].

The group of the fricative consonants is overall well developed, although less rich, like the group of the nasal and of the liquid consonants. The glottal consonant, [ʔ], while formally a plosive, is traditionally included in the fricative group. The phonemes [j] and [w] have a full consonantal value and they are never regarded as semivowels.

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