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This page gives an extensive description of '''Jeʂtəra syntactical''' features.
This page gives an extensive description of '''Jeʂtəra syntactical''' features.
==Main clause and word order==
==Main clause and word order==
Jeʂtəra is an almost strictly '''SOV''' (''Subject-Object-Verb'') language.  
Jeʂtəra is a mainly '''VSO''' (''Verb-Subject-Object'') language.  
   
   
  līruli soba līločeš
  līloṕət́ līroliə sopa
  <small>the man sees the dog</small>
  <small>the man sees the dog</small>


The quite rich case system allows every other possible word order, but most of them prove to be very marked and infrequently used. The only word order with a clear role and a frequent usage is '''OSV''' (''Object-Subject-Verbs''), which marks the so-called ''passive construction''.
Sono però presente alcune tracce che indicano come VSO non si tratti di una conservazione dell’ordine dei costituenti originario del Proto-Piti, ma di uno sviluppo successivo ad un ordine di base di tipo SOV. Tra queste tracce troviamo la posizione dell’avverbio negativo e della forma infinitivale quando è retta da altri verbi.


  soba līruli līločeš
  līloṕət́ līroliə sopa ʔīs
  <small>the dog is seen by the man</small>
  <small>the man does not see the dog</small>


The other elements in the sentence are usually placed in the order “''place-manner-cause-time''”, although they are basically freer than the main elements. An object in the dative case, when conveying the indirect object, tends to be placed ''before'' the direct object of the sentence.
The quite rich case system allows every other possible word order, but most of them prove to be very marked and infrequently used. The only word order with a clear role and a frequent usage is '''VOS''' (''Verb-Object-Subject''), which marks the so-called ''passive construction''.


A peculiar feature is the verbal ''infinitival agreement'': when infinitival forms, as nominal forms of the verbs, take a direct object, are regarded as an expression of belonging, and the direct object is declined in the ''genitive'' case.
  līloṕ sopa līroliə
 
  <small>the dog is seen by the man</small>
  sobaɕu līločem īsow
  <small>I do not see the dog.</small>
 
The frequency of this feature, however, is already declining in the classical period, when the infinitival forms are used in a verbal costruction (as, for example, with modal verbs). The infinitival agreement is still widely used up to the later classical period when these forms are used in a nominal construction.


Moreover, as it can been seen in the example above, when an infinitival form is governed by a modal verb or by the negative verb īsem, the infinitive is always placed before the conjugated modal form.
The other elements in the sentence are usually placed in the order “''place-manner-cause-time''”, although they are basically freer than the main elements. An object in the dative case, when conveying the indirect object, tends to be placed ''after'' the direct object of the sentence.

Revision as of 01:51, 12 April 2025

Main article: Jeʂtəra

This page gives an extensive description of Jeʂtəra syntactical features.

Main clause and word order

Jeʂtəra is a mainly VSO (Verb-Subject-Object) language. 

līloṕət́ līroliə sopa 
the man sees the dog

Sono però presente alcune tracce che indicano come VSO non si tratti di una conservazione dell’ordine dei costituenti originario del Proto-Piti, ma di uno sviluppo successivo ad un ordine di base di tipo SOV. Tra queste tracce troviamo la posizione dell’avverbio negativo e della forma infinitivale quando è retta da altri verbi. 

līloṕət́ līroliə sopa ʔīs
the man does not see the dog

The quite rich case system allows every other possible word order, but most of them prove to be very marked and infrequently used. The only word order with a clear role and a frequent usage is VOS (Verb-Object-Subject), which marks the so-called passive construction. 

līloṕ sopa līroliə
the dog is seen by the man

The other elements in the sentence are usually placed in the order “place-manner-cause-time”, although they are basically freer than the main elements. An object in the dative case, when conveying the indirect object, tends to be placed after the direct object of the sentence.

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