User:Bukkia/sandboxVIII: Difference between revisions
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*''1985'': kx‘ruç īɴɸəžaβī dākgāɸī atsʼ | *''1985'': kx‘ruç īɴɸəžaβī dākgāɸī atsʼ | ||
All cardinal numerals up to these forms are treated as adjective-like forms. They decline according to their adjoining nouns in case, but they do not agree in number. Numerals do decline only in singular number. | All cardinal numerals up to these forms are treated as adjective-like forms. They decline according to their adjoining nouns in case, but they do not agree in number. Numerals do decline only in singular number. | ||
The numerals for “million” and “billion” are nominal forms on their own (the latter is an adapted loanword from modern Figo language): | |||
{|- | {|- | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="width: 100px;"| <center><small>''digit''</small></center> || <center><small>''noun form''</small></center> | | style="width: 100px;"| <center><small>''digit''</small></center> || <center><small>''noun form''</small></center> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| <center>''1,000,000'':</center> || | | <center>''1,000,000'':</center> || ʈʂʼamʈʂʼam (<small>reduplicated from ʈʂʼam, ''great amount''</small>) | ||
|- | |||
| <center>''1,000,000,000'':</center> || mišurintu (<small>from m. F. mešurentur</small>) | |||
|} | |} | ||
These forms are treated as regularly declinable nouns: | |||
{|- | {|- | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="width: 100px;"| <center><small>''digit''</small></center> || <center><small>''noun form''</small></center> | | style="width: 100px;"| <center><small>''digit''</small></center> || <center><small>''noun form''</small></center> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| <center>''3,000,000'':</center> || | | <center>''3,000,000'':</center> || məjgo ivawno | ||
|- | |- | ||
| <center>'' | | <center>''6,000,000,000'':</center> || tɔj mejšurejntuno | ||
|} | |} | ||
If these numerals are used as simple count forms, they are declined in the direct case. Inside of a structured sentence, they are declined according the case required by their syntactical role. Nouns adjoining such numerals are declined in the genitive-dative case and are followed by the postposition ɣm: | |||
βaraɟ ɣm īɴ ʈʂʼamʈʂʼam | |||
<small>one million people</small> | |||
βaraɟ ɣm gaɸ mišurintūɟ ɟn | |||
<small>to two billions people</small> | |||
In the earlier modern period the idea of “zero” is introduced from Iðâɣ language. This numeral is however usually limited to mathematics: | |||
{|- | |||
|- | |||
| style="width: 40px;"| <center><small>''digit''</small></center> || <center><small>''full form''</small></center> | |||
|- | |||
| <center>''0'':</center> || xisū (<small>from I. xesú</small>) | |||
|} | |||
Ordinal numerals are formed by adding the ordinal ending -iju/-ju to the cardinal numeral form, with some irregularities: | Ordinal numerals are formed by adding the ordinal ending -iju/-ju to the cardinal numeral form, with some irregularities: | ||
Revision as of 04:22, 8 April 2025
- Main article: Βaβar
This page gives an extensive description of Βaβar morphological features.
Numerals
The numeral system relies on a mixed system of decimal base and a vigesimal base.
The first ten cardinal numbers are noun-like forms on their own:
| īɴ | |
| gaɸ | |
| zgū | |
| dāk | |
| atsʼ | |
| trikxʼ | |
| rməq | |
| dākr | |
| īɴɸə | |
| ɸək |
Numerals from 11 to 19 are built with the construction NUM + i + ɸək. If the numeral ends in a vowel, the -i turns into -j:
| īɴiɸək | |
| gaɸiɸək | |
| zgūjɸək | |
| dākiɸək | |
| atsʼiɸək | |
| trikxʼiɸək | |
| rməqiɸək | |
| dākriɸək | |
| īɴɸəjɸək |
The numeral for tens is built with the construction NUM + ī:
| ɸəkī |
The numerals for 20 is a noun-like form on their own:
| gāɸī |
Numerals for 30, 50, 70 and 90 are built with the construction NUM + ɸəkī:
| zgūɸəkī | |
| atsʼɸəkī | |
| rməqɸəkī | |
| īɴɸəɸəkī |
Numerals for 40, 60 and 80 are built with the construction 2 / 3 / 4 + gāɸī:
| gaɸgāɸī | |
| zgūgāɸī | |
| dākgāɸī |
The numerals for (one) hundred and (one) thousand are noun-like forms on their own:
| žaβ | |
| kx‘ruç |
The numerals for the multiples of hundreds and thousands are built with the construction NUM + (i) + žaβī / kx‘ruçī:
| gaɸžaβī | gaɸkx‘ruçī | |
| zgūžaβī | zgūkx‘ruçī | |
| dākžaβī | dākikx‘ruçī | |
| atsʼižaβī | atsʼkx‘ruçī | |
| trikxiʼžaβī | trikxʼikx‘ruçī | |
| rməqižaβī | rməqikx‘ruçī | |
| dākrižaβī | dākrikx‘ruçī | |
| īɴɸəžaβī | īɴɸəkx‘ruçī |
Composite numbers are built by just putting them beside, without any conjunction, in descending order:
- 1985: kx‘ruç īɴɸəžaβī dākgāɸī atsʼ
All cardinal numerals up to these forms are treated as adjective-like forms. They decline according to their adjoining nouns in case, but they do not agree in number. Numerals do decline only in singular number.
The numerals for “million” and “billion” are nominal forms on their own (the latter is an adapted loanword from modern Figo language):
| ʈʂʼamʈʂʼam (reduplicated from ʈʂʼam, great amount) | |
| mišurintu (from m. F. mešurentur) |
These forms are treated as regularly declinable nouns:
| məjgo ivawno | |
| tɔj mejšurejntuno |
If these numerals are used as simple count forms, they are declined in the direct case. Inside of a structured sentence, they are declined according the case required by their syntactical role. Nouns adjoining such numerals are declined in the genitive-dative case and are followed by the postposition ɣm:
βaraɟ ɣm īɴ ʈʂʼamʈʂʼam one million people
βaraɟ ɣm gaɸ mišurintūɟ ɟn to two billions people
In the earlier modern period the idea of “zero” is introduced from Iðâɣ language. This numeral is however usually limited to mathematics:
| xisū (from I. xesú) |
Ordinal numerals are formed by adding the ordinal ending -iju/-ju to the cardinal numeral form, with some irregularities:
| țe̥ʔiju | |
| iʔẙqiju | |
| emqi̥ju | |
| anḁ̈ŕiju | |
| fḁ̈niju | |
| yťŕḁ̈ju | |
| iħśü̥ju | |
| ʔe̥ćiju | |
| ḁtjöju | |
| po̥ʔiju | |
| poʔițe̥ʔuju | |
| poʔiʔẙqiju | |
| iʔquʔḁ̥triju | |
| ʔḁtriju | |
| ipʔemqi̥ju | |
| u̥nciju | |
| nocyťŕḁ̈ju | |
| ëțnẙtiju | |
| țnëtḁtjöju |
If the numeral form is composite, the ending is added only to the last numeral form:
- 25th: ʔatru ka fänuju
