User:Bukkia/sandboxVIII: Difference between revisions

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The numerals for the multiples of tens, hundreds and thousands are built with the construction NUM + -arɕüw / -arčĩ / -arnɔčĩ. As these suffixes has often merged with the cardinal form, most forms are irregularly built:
The numerals for the multiples of tens, hundreds and thousands are built with the construction NUM + -(a)ražùl / -(a)razìm / -(a)razhɔrìm:
{|-
{|-
|-
|-
| style="width: 40px;"| <center><small></small></center> || style="width: 100px;"| <center><small>''tens''</small></center> || style="width: 100px;"| <center><small>''hundreds''</small></center> || style="width: 100px;"| <center><small>''thousands''</small></center>  
| style="width: 40px;"| <center><small></small></center> || style="width: 100px;"| <center><small>''tens''</small></center> || style="width: 100px;"| <center><small>''hundreds''</small></center> || style="width: 100px;"| <center><small>''thousands''</small></center>  
|-
|-
| <center><small>''2x'':</small></center> || lararɕüw || lararčĩ || lararnɔčĩ
| <center><small>''2x'':</small></center> || lazražùl || lazrazìm || lazrazhɔrìm
|-
|-
| <center><small>''3x'':</small></center> || čɔrɕüw || čɔrčĩ || čɔrnɔčĩ
| <center><small>''3x'':</small></center> || xúðražùl || xúðrazìm || xúðrazhɔrìm
|-
|-
| <center><small>''4x'':</small></center> || ɟärɕüw || ɟärčĩ || ɟärnɔčĩ
| <center><small>''4x'':</small></center> || ǧàraražùl || ǧàrarazìm || ǧàrarazhɔrìm
|-
|-
| <center><small>''5x'':</small></center> || ɕɔrɕüw || ɕɔrčĩ || ɕɔrnɔčĩ
| <center><small>''5x'':</small></center> || šuražùl || šurazìm || šurazhɔrìm
|-
|-
| <center><small>''6x'':</small></center> || dɑ̃rɕüw || dɑ̃rčĩ || dɑ̃rnɔčĩ
| <center><small>''6x'':</small></center> || túgražùl || túgrazìm || túgrazhɔrìm
|-
|-
| <center><small>''7x'':</small></center> || ɟɛrɕüw || ɟɛrčĩ || ɟɛrnɔčĩ
| <center><small>''7x'':</small></center> || kíraražùl || kírarazìm || kírarazhɔrìm
|-
|-
| <center><small>''8x'':</small></center> || žörɕüw || žörčĩ || žörnɔčĩ
| <center><small>''8x'':</small></center> || žéraražùl || žérarazìm || žérarazhɔrìm
|-
|-
| <center><small>''9x'':</small></center> || hɔbarɕüw || hɔbarčĩ || hɔbarnɔčĩ
| <center><small>''9x'':</small></center> || bɔpražùl || bɔprazìm || bɔprazhɔrìm
|}
|}


Numerals for “million” and “billion” are loanwords from Iðâɣ language:
Numbers above the multiples of thousands have no name and are specified by the lesser numerals.
 
{|-
|-
| style="width: 100px;"| <center><small>''digit''</small></center> || <center><small>''full form''</small></center>
|-
| <center>''1,000,000'':</center>  || šurentu (<small>from I. šúrěntu </small>)
|-
| <center>''1,000,000,000'':</center>  || mešurentu (<small>from I. mêšúrěntu </small>)
|}
 
These forms are treated as noun-like forms and can be used with other numerals:
{|-
|-
| style="width: 100px;"| <center><small>''digit''</small></center> || <center><small>''full form''</small></center>
|-
| <center>''3,000,000'':</center>  || ču šurentu
|-
| <center>''6,000,000,000'':</center>  || dü̃ mešurentu
|}
 
They are however treated as normal numerals when used with nouns. Nouns adjoining such numerals are not introduced by any preposition:
lar šurentu hɛ
<small>two millions people</small>


Composite numbers are built by just putting them beside, without any conjunction, in descending order:
Composite numbers are built by just putting them beside, without any conjunction, in descending order:
*''2985'': lararnɔčĩ hɔbarčĩ žɛrɕüw ɕu
*''2985'': lazrazhɔrìm bɔprazìm žéraražùl šu


As for other parts of the language, all cardinal numerals are meant as invariable forms.
As for other parts of the language, all cardinal numerals are meant as invariable forms.


Ordinal numerals are formed by adding the suffix -da to the cardinal numeral form, with some irregularities:
Ordinal numerals are formed by adding the prefix pe- and the suffix -ta to the cardinal numeral form:
{|-
{|-
|-
|-
| style="width: 40px;"| <center><small>''digit''</small></center> || <center><small>''adjective form''</small></center>  
| style="width: 40px;"| <center><small>''digit''</small></center> || <center><small>''adjective form''</small></center>  
|-
|-
| <center>''1<sup>st</sup>'':</center> || bö̃da
| <center>''1<sup>st</sup>'':</center> || pepɛ́mta
|-
| <center>''2<sup>nd</sup>'':</center> || larda
|-
|-
| <center>''3<sup>rd</sup>'':</center> || čuɟa
| <center>''2<sup>nd</sup>'':</center> || pelazta
|-
|-
| <center>''4<sup>th</sup>'':</center> || ɟäda
| <center>''3<sup>rd</sup>'':</center> || pexúðta
|-
|-
| <center>''5<sup>th</sup>'':</center> || ɕuda
| <center>''4<sup>th</sup>'':</center> || peǧàrta
|-
|-
| <center>''6<sup>th</sup>'':</center> || dü̃da
| <center>''5<sup>th</sup>'':</center> || pešuta
|-
|-
| <center>''7<sup>th</sup>'':</center> || ɟida
| <center>''6<sup>th</sup>'':</center> || petúgta
|-
|-
| <center>''8<sup>th</sup>'':</center> || žyda
| <center>''7<sup>th</sup>'':</center> || pekírta
|-
|-
| <center>''9<sup>th</sup>'':</center> || hɔvda
| <center>''8<sup>th</sup>'':</center> || pežérta
|-
|-
| <center>''10<sup>th</sup>'':</center> || ɕüwda
| <center>''9<sup>th</sup>'':</center> || pebɔpta
|-
|-
| <center>''11<sup>th</sup>'':</center> || ɕüwnɔbö̃da
| <center>''10<sup>th</sup>'':</center> || pešùlta
|-
|-
| <center>''12<sup>th</sup>'':</center> || ɕüwnɔlarda
| <center>''11<sup>th</sup>'':</center> || pepɛ́mšùlta
|-
|-
| <center>''13<sup>th</sup>'':</center> || ɕüwnɔčuɟa
| <center>''12<sup>th</sup>'':</center> || pelažùlta
|-
|-
| <center>''20<sup>th</sup>'':</center> || lararɕüwda
| <center>''20<sup>th</sup>'':</center> || pelazražùlta
|-
|-
| <center>''30<sup>th</sup>'':</center> || čɔrɕüwda
| <center>''30<sup>th</sup>'':</center> || pexúðražùlta
|-
|-
| <center>''600<sup>th</sup>'':</center> || dɑ̃rčĩda
| <center>''600<sup>th</sup>'':</center> || petúgrazìmta
|-
|-
| <center>''9000<sup>th</sup>'':</center> || hɔbarnɔčĩda
| <center>''9000<sup>th</sup>'':</center> || pebɔparazhɔrìmta
|}
|}


If the numeral form is composite, the suffix is added to every form:
If the numeral form is composite, both affixes are added to every form:
*''325<sup>th</sup>'': čɔrčĩda lararɕüwda ɕuda
*''325<sup>th</sup>'': pexúðrazìmta pelazražùlta pešuta

Revision as of 01:11, 3 April 2025

Main article: Proto-Saːkdi

This page gives an extensive description of Proto-Saːkdi morphological features.

Numerals

The numeral system relies on a decimal base.

The first ten cardinal numbers are forms on their own:

digit
full form
1:
 pɛːm
2:
 laz
3:
 ħuːd
4:
 ɖajr
5:
 ʂuʡ
6:
 towŋ
7:
 kiːr
8:
 ʐeːr
9:
 bɔp
10:
 ʂujl

Numerals from 11 to 19 can be built:

  • With the numeral unit + the numeral ʂujl, NUM + ʂujl
digit
noun form
11:
 pɛːmʂujl
11:
 lazʂujl
  • With ʂujl + the postposition nɔ, over, + the numeral unit, ʂujl + nɔ + NUM:
digit
noun form
11:
 ʂujlnɔpɛːm
11:
 ʂujlnɔlaz

The numeral for (one) hundred is a form on its own:

digit
full form
100:
 qijm

The numeral (one) thousand is morphologically derived from the form for (one) hundred:

digit
full form
1000:
 ɴɔrqijm

The numerals for the multiples of tens, hundreds and thousands are built with the construction NUM + -(a)ražùl / -(a)razìm / -(a)razhɔrìm:

tens
hundreds
thousands
2x:
 lazražùl lazrazìm lazrazhɔrìm
3x:
 xúðražùl xúðrazìm xúðrazhɔrìm
4x:
 ǧàraražùl ǧàrarazìm ǧàrarazhɔrìm
5x:
 šuražùl šurazìm šurazhɔrìm
6x:
 túgražùl túgrazìm túgrazhɔrìm
7x:
 kíraražùl kírarazìm kírarazhɔrìm
8x:
 žéraražùl žérarazìm žérarazhɔrìm
9x:
 bɔpražùl bɔprazìm bɔprazhɔrìm

Numbers above the multiples of thousands have no name and are specified by the lesser numerals.

Composite numbers are built by just putting them beside, without any conjunction, in descending order:

  • 2985: lazrazhɔrìm bɔprazìm žéraražùl šu

As for other parts of the language, all cardinal numerals are meant as invariable forms.

Ordinal numerals are formed by adding the prefix pe- and the suffix -ta to the cardinal numeral form:

digit
adjective form
1st:
 pepɛ́mta
2nd:
 pelazta
3rd:
 pexúðta
4th:
 peǧàrta
5th:
 pešuta
6th:
 petúgta
7th:
 pekírta
8th:
 pežérta
9th:
 pebɔpta
10th:
 pešùlta
11th:
 pepɛ́mšùlta
12th:
 pelažùlta
20th:
 pelazražùlta
30th:
 pexúðražùlta
600th:
 petúgrazìmta
9000th:
 pebɔparazhɔrìmta

If the numeral form is composite, both affixes are added to every form:

  • 325th: pexúðrazìmta pelazražùlta pešuta
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