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|+ Consonant phonemes of Ossmalic | |+ Consonant phonemes of Ossmalic | ||
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! style="width: 7em;" rowspan | ! style="width: 7em;" rowspan="2" | | ||
! style="width: 3.5em;" rowspan="2" | Labial | ! style="width: 3.5em;" rowspan="2" | Labial | ||
! colspan="2" | Coronal | ! colspan="2" | Coronal | ||
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! style="width: 3.5em;" | soft | ! style="width: 3.5em;" | soft | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! Nasal | ||
| '''м''' /m/ | | '''м''' /m/ | ||
| '''н''' /n̪/ | | '''н''' /n̪/ | ||
| Line 38: | Line 38: | ||
| '''ӈь''' /ŋʲ/ | | '''ӈь''' /ŋʲ/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! Stop | ||
| '''п''' /p/ | | '''п''' /p/ | ||
| '''т''' /t̪/ | | '''т''' /t̪/ | ||
| Line 47: | Line 46: | ||
| '''кь''' /kʲ/ | | '''кь''' /kʲ/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! Fricative | ||
| rowspan="2" | '''в''' /ʋ/ | | rowspan="2" | '''в''' /ʋ/ | ||
| '''с''' /s/ | | '''с''' /s/ | ||
| Line 63: | Line 54: | ||
| '''хь''' /xʲ/ | | '''хь''' /xʲ/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! Approximant | ||
| '''л''' /l/ | | '''л''' /l/ | ||
| '''ль''' /lʲ/ | | '''ль''' /lʲ/ | ||
Revision as of 23:23, 26 February 2025
Ossmalic
| Ossmalic мэ́ӈ оссэма́л | |
|---|---|
| Pronounced: | [ˈmə́ŋ òs.ˈsmál] |
| Spoken: | Ossmal |
| Writing system: | Sealbone Script |
| Genealogy: | Language isolate |
| Typology | |
| Morphological type: | ??? |
| Morphosyntactic alignment: | ergative-absolutive |
| Basic word order: | VSO |
| Credits | |
| Creator: | Malcolm G. Holborne |
28 consonants:
| Labial | Coronal | Palatal | Velar | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| hard | soft | hard | soft | |||
| Nasal | м /m/ | н /n̪/ | нь /n̪ʲ/ | ӈ /ŋ/ | ӈь /ŋʲ/ | |
| Stop | п /p/ | т /t̪/ | ть /t̪ʲ/ | к /k/ | кь /kʲ/ | |
| Fricative | в /ʋ/ | с /s/ | сь /sʲ/ | і /j/ | х /x/ | хь /xʲ/ |
| Approximant | л /l/ | ль /lʲ/ | ||||
| Type | Front | Central | Back |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | и /i/ | э /ə~ɨ/ | у /u/ |
| Mid | е /e/ | о /o/ | |
| Open | а /a/ | ||
| Type | Front | Back |
|---|---|---|
| Mid Falling | іе /i̯e/ | во /u̯o/ |
| Open Falling | іа /i̯a/ | ва /u̯a/ |
| Origin | æ | e | ø | i | y | ɑ | ɤ | o | ɯ | u | æː | eː | øː | iː | yː | ɑː | ɤː | oː | ɯː | uː | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Result | ʲa | ʲe | ʲo | ʲĭ | ʲŭ | a | e | o | ĭ | ŭ | ʲa | ʲe | ʲo | ʲi | ʲu | a | e | o | i | u |
Tone is not explicitly marked in writing but inferred based on historical voicing distinctions and consonant clusters:
| Consonant | High | Low | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Stop | Plain | па /pá/ | ба /pà/ |
| та /t̪á/ | да /t̪à/ | ||
| ка /ká/ | га /kà/ | ||
| Voiced | мпа /bá/ | мба /bà/ | |
| нта /d̪á/ | нда /d̪à/ | ||
| ӈка /gá/ | ӈга /gà/ | ||
| Fricative | са /sá/ | — | |
| ха /xá/ | — | ||
| Sonorant | — | ма /mà/ | |
| — | на /n̪à/ | ||
| — | ӈа /ŋà/ | ||
| — | ла /là/ | ||
Tone possibly indicated on vowels instead:
- а́ е́ и́ э́ о́ у́
- а̀ ѐ ѝ э̀ о̀ у̀
Animate:
- ма̀дсьаі "human" [sg], ??? "people" [pl]
- сьо́лаі "river" [sg], ??? "rivers" [pl]
- хва́лаі "horse" [sg], ??? "horses" [pl]
- кхьва́наі "god" [sg], ??? "gods" [pl]
- дэ̀лхаі ??? [sg]
Inanimate:
- сэма́л "mountain" [sg], сэма̀ль "mountains" [pl]
- сьо́л "lake" [sg], сьо́ль "lakes" [pl]
- ду̀д "house" [sg], ду̀дь "houses" [pl]
- мэ́ӈ "language" [sg], мэ̀ӈь "languages" [pl]
Adjective prefixes
Colours
- маг- "black, dark"
- ос- "white, light"
- тьил- "immoral, wicked, evil"
